Photobiomodulation enhances the Th1 immune response of human monocytes
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photobiomodulation enhances the Th1 immune response of human monocytes Mayara Santos de Castro 1 & Marta Miyazawa 2 & Ester Siqueira Caixeta Nogueira 3 & Jorge Kleber Chavasco 4 & Gustavo Andrade Brancaglion 5 & Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira 6 & Denismar Alves Nogueira 7 & Marisa Ionta 3 & João Adolfo Costa Hanemann 2 & Maísa Ribeiro Pereira Lima Brigagão 6 & Felipe Fornias Sperandio 1,8 Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study aims to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on human monocytes, assessing the oxidative burst and ultimate fungicidal potential of these cells, as well as the gene expression at the mRNA level of CD68, CD80, CD163, CD204, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in derived macrophages. Primary cultures of human monocytes were irradiated with an InGaAlP (660 nm)/GaAlAs (780 nm) diode laser (parameters: 40 mW, 0.04 cm2, 1 W/cm2; doses: 200, 400 and 600 J/cm2). Cells were submitted to the chemiluminescence assay, and a microbicidal activity assay against Candida albicans was performed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were measured, and cell viability was assessed by the exclusion method using 0.2% Trypan blue reagent. Irradiated monocytes were cultured for 72 h towards differentiation into macrophages. Total RNA was extracted, submitted to reverse transcription and real-time PCR. The results were analysed by ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Irradiated monocytes revealed a significant increase in their intracellular and extracellular ROS (P < 0.001). The 660 nm wavelength and 400 J/cm2 dose were the most relevant parameters (P < 0.001). The fungicidal capacity of the monocytes was shown to be greatly increased after PBM (P < 0.001). PBM increased the expression of TNF-α (P = 0.0302) and the production of NO (P < 0.05) and did not impair monocyte viability. PBM induces a pro-inflammatory Th1-driven response in monocytes and macrophages. Keywords Photobiomodulation . Monocytes . Macrophages . Candida albicans . Reactive oxygen species . Th1 immune response
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-02003179-9. * Mayara Santos de Castro [email protected] 1
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Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
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Central Analysis Laboratory (LACEN), Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
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Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
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Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
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Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Resident - Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall,
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