Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Methyl Orange with Titania-Based Photocatalysts Synthesized by Various Methods
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol and Methyl Orange with Titania‑Based Photocatalysts Synthesized by Various Methods in Comparison with ZnO–Graphene Oxide Composite Trung Hieu Nguyen1 · Anh Tuan Vu1 · Van Han Dang2 · Jeffrey Chi‑Sheng Wu2 · Minh Thang Le1
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Photocatalysis is one of the effective methods to treat wastewater and degrade pollutants. Titania ( TiO2) is usually chosen based on its superior properties and its high performance as reported in many publications. However, the properties of TiO2 may be influenced by the synthesis method. In this work, several methods were applied to synthesize TiO2, and its modified form (composite with graphene oxide) to explore the influence of synthesis method on its photocatalytic activity for the methyl orange and phenol degradation under UV light illumination. The results showed that the synthesis method significantly influences on the morphology, particle sizes and surface area of the catalysts as examined by SEM and BET techniques but did not differentiate crystal structure and crystallite dimensions of catalysts as seen by XRD measurement. T iO2 catalyst synthesized by hydrothermal method using P123 template was almost anatase phase, possessed high surface area (110 m2/g) and exhibited highest activity for methyl orange and phenol degradation under UV light illumination. However, the addition of graphene oxide to the catalyst is not yet able to improve its activity under visible light. Compared with ZnO-graphene oxide photocatalyst (almost 100% phenol degraded after 275 min of the treatment), T iO2-graphene oxide catalyst exhibited much less activity for methyl orange and phenol degradation under visible light irradiation. Keywords Photocatalysis · Phenol degradation · Nano-titania · Activated carbon, graphene oxide
1 Introduction Polluted environment and freshwater resources are great concerns to countries around the world, especially developing countries. The lack of resources, inadequate infrastructure, and the role of benefit in production are the main reasons leading to the pollution of water sources caused by the heavy metals and toxic organic substances such as methyl orange (MO) and phenol. The sources of MO and phenol emissions come from the various production processes at factories in the industry of textile, chemistry, crude oil * Jeffrey Chi‑Sheng Wu [email protected] * Minh Thang Le [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
2
treatment, etc [1–3]. Therefore, environmental remediation of polluted water is a matter of great concern to governments and scientists worldwide. The traditional processing methods of polluted water are mainly based on physico-chemical and biological treatment techniques. The adsorption method is one of the most used techniques among them to treat chemical contami
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