Photochemically prepared monodisperse gold nanoparticles as doxorubicin carrier and its cytotoxicity on leukemia cancer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Photochemically prepared monodisperse gold nanoparticles as doxorubicin carrier and its cytotoxicity on leukemia cancer cells H. Mirac Dizman1 · Gunes Ozen Eroglu2 · Serap Erdem Kuruca3 · Nergis Arsu1 Received: 5 September 2020 / Accepted: 13 October 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In this study, a new thioxanthone derivative called 3,3′-disulfanediylbis(1-hydroxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one) was utilized in situ for the photochemical synthesis of monodisperse gold nanoparticles, and simple characterization was achieved by formation of a typical surface plasmon resonance band of gold nanoparticles at 535 nm accompanied by a nice pink color. Dynamic light scattering method was employed for determination of the size of the in situ-prepared gold nanoparticles and, with good polydispersity value at around 30 nm, it was in good agreement with the surface plasmon resonance band. After successful preparation of gold nanoparticles, a well-known cancer drug, doxorubicin, at different amounts was loaded onto prepared gold nanoparticles. The adsorbed and released doxorubicin amount onto the gold nanoparticles was calculated by a fluorescence spectrophotometer using a calibration curve. Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles were examined using a MTT assay for both HL-60 and K562 leukemia cancer cells and HUVEC cells, and 5 µL doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles significantly reduced cell viability. In normal HUVEC cells, 5 µL doxorubicin-loaded gold nanoparticles were found less cytotoxic compared to doxorubicin alone. The data obtained in this study showed that gold nanoparticles loaded with 5 µL doxorubicin are much more effective than doxorubicin used alone in cancer treatment. Keywords Photochemistry · Gold nanoparticles · Thioxanthone-disulfide · Drug delivery · Anticancer drug
Introduction In recent years, nanomaterials and their compounds have been given importance thanks to their wide application including physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering fields (Filella 2012; Hwang et al. 2018; Abd-Elkodous et al. 2019; Daruich De Souza et al. 2019; Kolahalam et al. 2019). There are several nanomaterials of different types such as inorganic based, organic based, carbon based, semiconductor based and nanocomposite (Laborda and Bolea 2018; Kolahalam et al. 2019).
* Nergis Arsu [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey
2
Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
3
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
Nanoparticles are also used to develop novel environment-friendly chemical mechanical polishing slurries, for use in semiconductor and microelectronics industries. More importantly, their works are a landmark to conventional manufacturing and industries, reducing the pollution to the environment greatly (Zhang et al. 2016, 2019, 2020). Every ye
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