Application of Dendrimer/Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Review
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Application of Dendrimer/Gold Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Review Samaneh Nabavifard1 · Shirin Jalili1 · Fereshteh Rahmati2 · Yasser Vasseghian3 · Gomaa A. M. Ali4 · Shilpi Agarwal5 · Vinod Kumar Gupta5 Received: 13 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Cancer is one of the most dangerous diseases as a result of its characteristic features such as indefinite growth of cells, infringement of healthy tissues, and also metastasis. In recent years, a wide range of new ways to treat cancer has been used. Dendrimer is a category of highly branched 3D structures that has multiple surface functional groups that increase its functionality and biocompatibility. The extraordinary, unequaled structural characteristics of dendrimers allow for their numerous assured biomedical applications. Gold nanoparticles with controllable physical and chemical characteristics have received attention for versatile diagnostic and curative applications. In this work, the synthesis methods and applications of dendrimer/gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy are summarized. Keywords Dendrimer · Gold nanoparticles · Cancer therapy
1 Introduction Cancer is considered the most dangerous disease leading to death wherein 2018, more than 9.6 million death cases were recorded in the world. The most common cancer treatments are restricted to surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal and targeted therapies (including immunotherapy such as monoclonal antibody therapy) [1, 2]. The selection of the therapy method depends on several * Yasser Vasseghian [email protected] * Gomaa A. M. Ali [email protected] * Vinod Kumar Gupta [email protected] 1
Police Sciences and Social Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3
Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
4
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
5
Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
factors, including the location and grade of the tumor and the stage of the disease, as well as the general state of the patient. Many research studies have been conducted to find better methods with low side effects in cancer therapy. Recent advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the development of a variety of nanoparticles (NPs) based platform for the detection and therapy of different types of cancer. Nanomaterial-mediated cancer therapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Among the various nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely used for numerous therapeutic purposes, including photothermal therapy (PTT) [3–5], photodynamic therapy (PDT) [6–8], drug and gene delivery [9, 10], immunotherapy [11], radiotherapy [12], and targeted imaging [13–16]. This is mostly owing to
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