Photoelectrochemical performance and biosensor application for glutathione (GSH) of W-doped BiVO 4 thin films
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Photoelectrochemical performance and biosensor application for glutathione (GSH) of W-doped BiVO4 thin films Meirong Sui1,3 · Yun Zhao1 · Zhonghai Ni1 · Xiuquan Gu2 Received: 10 February 2018 / Accepted: 4 April 2018 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Tungsten-doped BiVO4 (W:BiVO4) thin films were deposited on the FTO glass through a spin-coating method and their photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties were investigated. Although W-doping does not significantly affect the morphology, structure and light harvesting a suitable W-doping treatment can enhance the PEC activity of BiVO4 thin films, leading to a 100% enhancement of the photocurrent. It is found that the doping of 10 at.% W leads to an increased photocurrent from 0.75 mA cm−2 (for undoped) to 1.5 mA cm−2. Moreover, through an electrochemical impedance analysis, the enhancement of PEC performance was mainly due to the enhanced n-type conductivity of BiVO4 and charge separation at the solid/liquid interface. A scheme model was proposed to clarify the reason for performance enhancement. Moreover, a PEC biosensor was fabricated for detecting the glutathione, leading to an excellent detect limit of 96 nM.
1 Introduction During the past few years, much attention has paid on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) property of a semiconductor, which can produce a clean fuel ( H2 or C H3OH) through a low cost route [1–3]. Besides, the PEC technique is also a powerful tool for studying the photoinduced charge separation and charge transfer processes in semiconductors as well as the reaction kinetics and mechanism at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. As well known, the water splitting reaction can occur spontaneously via a photocatalytic or PEC process, which was firstly demonstrated in a two-electrode PEC cell consisting of a single-crystal TiO2 electrode and a Pt counter electrode by Fujishima and Honda [4]. However, the H 2 evolution rate of the above setup was * Yun Zhao [email protected] * Xiuquan Gu [email protected] 1
School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
College of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
quite low, due to a poor visible-light absorbance and limited surface area of the single-crystal TiO2 bulk electrode, thus it is urgent to develop a photoelectrode that can work efficiently under a solar irradiation. Up to now, the metal oxide photoanodes, including W O3 , α-Fe2O3 and BiVO4, have been explored widely during the past few years [5–7]. Among them, B iVO4 might be the most promising photoanode because of its non-toxicity, narrow band gap (~ 2.4 eV), suitable edges of the conduction band (CB) and valence band (VB) as well as easiness to form a membrane [8]. So far, many researches were devoted to enhance the PEC performance of BiVO4 in order to reach a goal of 10% for t
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