Photoelectron Spectroscopy Principles and Applications

Photoelectron Spectroscopy presents an up-to-date introduction to the field by comprehensively treating the electronic structures of atoms, molecules, solids, and surfaces. Brief descriptions are given of inverse photoemission, spin-polarized photoemissio

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Advanced Texts in Physics This program of advanced texts covers a broad spectrum of topics which are of current and emerging interest in physics. Each book provides a comprehensive and yet accessible introduction to a field at the forefront of modern research. As such, these texts are intended for senior undergraduate and graduate students at the MS and PhD level; however, research scientists seeking an introduction to particular areas of physics will also benefit from the titles in this collection.

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Physics and Astronomy

ONLINE LIBRARY

http://www.springer.de/phys/

Stefan Hiifner

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Principles and Applications Third Revised and Enlarged Edition With 461 Figures and 28 Tables

Springer

Professor Dr. Stefan Hiifner Universitat des Saarlandes Fakultat fiir Physik und Elektrotechnik Fachrichtung 7.2 - Experimentalphysik Postfach 151150 66041 Saarbriicken Germany

ISSN 1439-2674 ISBN 978-3-642-°7520-9

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Hiifner, Stefan, 1935- Photoelectron spectroscopy: principles and applications 1 Stefan Hiifner. - 3rd rev. and enlarged ed. p. cm. -(Advanced texts in physics) IncJudes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-3-642-07520-9 ISBN 978-3-662-09280-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-09280-4 1. Photoelectron spectroscopy. 1. Title. II. Series. QC454.P 48 H84 2003 543'.0858-dc21 2002191151 This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of iIIustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publicat ion or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permis sion for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH . Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1995, 1996, 2003 OriginaIly published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 10 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 3rd edition 2003

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: Data prepared by the author using a Springer TJlX macro package Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper

SPIN 11016083

57/3111/di

54321

Preface

Since the completion of the manuscript for the first edition of Photoelectron Spectroscopy, the field has undergone a steady growth. Firstly, the theory has been refined and condensed into a manageable form. Secondly two important experimental developments have occurred. The resolution that can be obtained is now of the order of 3 meV, which corresponds approxim