Photoelectron Spectroscopy Studies on the Electronic and Chemical Structures of Conjugated Polymers

The existence of polymers achieved general acceptance in the early years of this century. Widely known as, ‘plastics’, polymers became popular as structural material after World War II, and can be found in almost all products in present-day society, be it

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41

MATERIALS SCIENCE

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Physics and Astronomy

ONLINE LIBRARY

http://www.springer.de/phys/

Springer Series in

MATERIALS SCIENCE Editors: R. Hull

R. M. Osgood, Jr.

H. Sakaki

A. Zunger

The Springer Series in Materials Science covers the complete spectrum of materials physics, including fundamental principles, physical properties, materials theory and design. Recognizing the increasing importance of materials science in future device technologies, the book titles in this series reflect the state-of-the-art in understanding and controlling the structure and properties of all important classes of materials. 27 Physics of New Materials Editor: F. E. Fujita 2nd Edition

39 Semiconducting Silicides Editor: V.E. Borisenko

28 Laser Ablation Principles and Applications Editor: J. C. Miller

40 Reference Materials in Analytical Chemistry A Guide for Selection and Use Editor: A. Zschunke

29 Elements of Rapid Solidification Fundamentals and Applications Editor: M. A. Otooni

41 Organic Electronic Materials Conjugated Polymers and Low Molecular Weight Organic Solids Editors: R. Farchioni and G. Grosso

30 Process Technology for Semiconductor Lasers Crystal Growth and Microprocesses By K. Iga and S. Kinoshita

42 Raman Scattering in Materials Science Editors: W. H. Weber and R. Merlin

31 Nanostructures and Quantum Effects By H. Sakaki and H. Noge

43 The Atomistic Nature of Crystal Growth By B. Mutaftschiev

32 Nitride Semiconductors and Devices By H. Morko~

44 Thermodynamic Basis of Crystal Growth P-T-X Phase Equilibrium and Nonstoichiometry By J.H. Greenberg

33 Supercarbon

Synthesis, Properties and Applications Editors: S. Yoshimura and R. P. H. Chang

34 Computational Materials Design Editor: T. Saito 35 Macromolecular Science and Engineering New Aspects Editor: Y. Tanabe 36 Ceramics Mechanical Properties, Failure Behaviour, Materials Selection By D. Munz and T. Fett 37 Technology and Applications of Amorphous Silicon Editor: R. A. Street 38 Fullerene Polymers and Fullerene Polymer Composites Editors: P. C. Eklund and A.M. Rao

45 Principles of Thermoelectrics Basics and New Materials Developments By G.S. Nolas, J. Sharp, and H.J. Goldsmid 46 Fundamental Aspects of Silicon Oxidation Editor: Y. J. Chahal 47 Disorder and Order in Strongly Non-Stoichiometric Compounds Transition Metal Carbides, Nitrides and Oxides By A.l. Gusev, A.A. Rempel, and A.J. Mager! 48 The Glass Transition Relaxation Dynamics in Liquids and Disordered Materials ByE. Donth

Series homepage - http://www.springer.de/phys/books/ssms/ Volumes 1-26 are listed at the end ofthe book.

R. Farchioni

G. Grosso (Eds.)

Organic Electronic Materials Conjugated Polymers and Low Molecular Weight Organic Solids

With 200 Figures

i

Springer

Dr. Riccardo Farchioni Professor Giuseppe Grosso INFM and Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Pisa, Piazza Torricelli 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy

Series Editors: Prof. Alex Zunger

Prof. Robert Hull

NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden Colorado 80401-