Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimita
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phylogeography of three closely related myrmecophytic pioneer tree species in SE Asia: implications for species delimitation Brigitte Fiala 1 & Ferry Slik 2 & Kurt Weising 3 & Ulrich Maschwitz 4,5 & Maryati Mohamed 6,7 & Jamsari 8 & Daniela Guicking 3
Received: 29 June 2015 / Accepted: 19 November 2015 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2015
Abstract Members of the Euphorbiaceae are ecologically important elements of Southeast Asian forests. Species of the pioneer tree genus Macaranga, which is also known for its association with ants, are often abundant in disturbed areas. Phylogenetic studies suggested a recent radiation of section Pachystemon which comprises the majority of obligate myrmecophytes within Macaranga. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic structure of three closely related species of this section (M. constricta, M. griffithiana, and M. motleyana) with the aim of resolving their controversial taxonomy and historical biogeography. Chloroplast DNA Brigitte Fiala and Daniela Guicking contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13127-015-0254-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Brigitte Fiala [email protected] 1
Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
2
Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jln Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Darussalam, Brunei
3
Systematics and Morphology of Plants, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
4
Department of Biology, J.W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
5
Present address: Anemonenweg 33, 63263 Neu-Isenburg, Germany
6
Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
7
Present address: Fakulti Sains, Teknologi Dan Pembangunan Insan, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
8
Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University, 25136 Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
haplotypes proved to be species-specific and showed a strong phylogeographic pattern. Nuclear microsatellite data supported the taxonomic distinctness of M. griffithiana and M. motleyana, but gave ambiguous results for M. constricta. Genetic differentiation was stronger each within M. griffithiana and M. motleyana than between M. constricta and M. griffithiana, highlighting problems of defining species boundaries. We found no indication for introgression or hybridization events. The high intraspecific morphological variation of the Bornean endemic M. motleyana was partly reflected by similar patterns of genetic variation. The pronounced genetic structure indicates a comparatively long diversification for this species. In contrast, the weak genetic differentiation within M. griffithiana, as well as the widespread distribution of its most common chloroplast haplotype from peninsular Malaysia up to Indochina, indicates a recent expansion in this area. Despite their morphological similarity a
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