Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Physical Activity and Physical Self-Concept in Youth: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Mark J. Babic • Philip J. Morgan • Ronald C. Plotnikoff Chris Lonsdale • Rhiannon L. White • David R. Lubans
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Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014
Abstract Background Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been conducted. Objective The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the strength of associations between physical activity and physical self-concept (gen-
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. J. Babic P. J. Morgan R. C. Plotnikoff D. R. Lubans (&) Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia e-mail: [email protected] M. J. Babic e-mail: [email protected] P. J. Morgan e-mail: [email protected] R. C. Plotnikoff e-mail: [email protected] C. Lonsdale R. L. White Institute for Positive Psychology and Education Faculty of Health, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia e-mail: [email protected] R. L. White e-mail: [email protected]
eral and sub-domains) in children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine potential moderators of the association between physical activity and physical selfconcept. Methods A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus) with no date restrictions was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses with correction for measurement were employed. The associations between physical activity and general physical self-concept and subdomains were explored. A risk of bias assessment was conducted by two reviewers. Results The search identified 64 studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies addressed multiple outcomes of general physical self-concept: 28 studies examined general physical self-concept, 59 examined perceived competence, 25 examined perceived fitness, and 55 examined perceived appearance. Perceived competence was most strongly associated with physical activity (r = 0.30, 95 % CI 0.24–0.35, p \ 0.001), followed by perceived fitness (r = 0.26, 95 % CI 0.20–0.32, p \ 0.001), general physical self-concept (r = 0.25, 95 % CI 0.16–0.34, p \ 0.001) and perceived physical appearance (r = 0.12, 95 % CI 0.08–0.16, p \ 0.001). Sex was a significant moderator for general physical self-concept (p \ 0.05), and age was a significant moderator for perceived appearance (p B 0.01) and perceived competence (p \ 0.05). No significant moderators were found for perceived fitness. Conclusion Overall, a significant association has been consistently demonstrated between physical activity and physical self-concept and its various sub-dom
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