Physical Activity and Stages of Change: A Longitudinal Test in Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Samples
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Physical Activity and Stages of Change: A Longitudinal Test in Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Samples Ronald C. Plotnikoff, Ph.D. & Sonia Lippke, Ph.D. & Steven T. Johnson, Ph.D. & Kerry S. Courneya, Ph.D.
Published online: 9 June 2010 # The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2010
Abstract The transtheoretical model's (TTM's) ability to predict physical activity stage transitions that incorporates all social-cognitive constructs from the original model has not been conducted among adults with diabetes. The purpose of this study was to test the capacity of the TTM for predicting physical activity stage transitions among adults (≥18 years of age) with type 1 (N=517) or type 2 (N=1,157) diabetes over 6 months. Participants were identified by a random-digit dialing telephone protocol through the Alberta Diabetes Registry. Assessments of TTM's stage of physical activity behavior change, self-efficacy, pros and cons, cognitive Processes of Change, and behavioral Processes of Change at baseline (time 1) and 6 months (time 2) were assessed by questionnaire. Over this time period, participants were categorized as having regressed (moved back at least one
stage), remained (no stage change), or progressed (moved forward at least one stage). Baseline TTM constructs were analyzed for their ability to predict transition over 6 months. Moderate support for the TTM constructs in predicting physical activity stage transitions was found. Self-efficacy, pros, and behavioral Processes of Change hold relatively strong predictive power for stage progression over 6 months, with very few differences found between the types 1 and 2 diabetes groups. The capacity of the model in predicting stage transition is partially supported. When promoting physical activity among adults with diabetes, targeting self-efficacy, pros, and cognitive Processes of Change may favorably support stage transition in the pre-action stages, while strategies to enhance the behavioral Processes of Change may be appropriate for the Action and Maintenance stages. Keywords Transtheoretical model . Stage of change . Diabetes . Physical activity change . Self-efficacy
R. C. Plotnikoff (*) School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia e-mail: [email protected] R. C. Plotnikoff School of Public Health, and Faculty of Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada S. Lippke Freie Universität Berlin, Health Psychology, Berlin, Germany S. T. Johnson Centre for Nursing and Health Studies, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada K. S. Courneya Faculty of Physical Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Introduction The health benefits of regular physical activity for preventing and managing diabetes are widely accepted, yet the preponderance of individuals with diabetes are not active enough to gain such benefits [1-6]. Why individuals with diabetes have difficulty adopting and maintaining regular physical activity behaviors requires further study [7, 8]. Theoretically grounded enquiry is integr
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