Physical comorbidities in men with mood and anxiety disorders: a population-based study
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Physical comorbidities in men with mood and anxiety disorders: a population-based study Livia Sanna1, Amanda L Stuart2, Julie A Pasco2,4, Mark A Kotowicz2,4, Michael Berk2,3,6,7, Paolo Girardi1, Sharon L Brennan2,4,5 and Lana J Williams2,3*
Abstract Background: The mind-body nexus has been a topic of growing interest. Further data are however required to understand the specific relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and individual physical health conditions, and to verify whether these psychiatric disorders are linked to overall medical burden. Methods: This study examined data collected from 942 men, 20 to 97 years old, participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. A lifetime history of mood and anxiety disorders was identified using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Research Version, Non-patient edition (SCID-I/NP). The presence of medical conditions (lifetime) was self-reported and confirmed by medical records, medication use or clinical data. Anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic status (SES) were determined and information on medication use and lifestyle was obtained via questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations. Results: After adjustment for age, socioeconomic status, and health risk factors (body mass index, physical activity and smoking), mood disorders were associated with gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), recurrent headaches, blackouts and/or epilepsy, liver disorders and pulmonary disease in older people, whilst anxiety disorders were significantly associated with thyroid, GORD and other gastrointestinal disorders, and psoriasis. Increased odds of high medical burden were associated with both mood and anxiety disorders. Conclusions: Our study provides further population-based evidence supporting the link between mental and physical illness in men. Understanding these associations is not only necessary for individual management, but also to inform the delivery of health promotion messages and health care. Keywords: Mood disorder, Anxiety disorder, Comorbidity, Medical burden, Population-based study, Physical illness
Background For centuries, it has been hypothesised and debated that a mind-body interaction exists. Over time, an evidence base has grown to support this notion, yet an incomplete understanding prevails [1,2]. Rates of depression and anxiety are generally higher among the physically ill than in the general population; however, results vary according to the type and severity of the chronic disease and methods of ascertainment [3,4]. Within clinical samples, patients with depression have been found to have a significantly higher number of * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 School of Medicine, Deakin University: The Geelong Hospital, PO Box 281, Geelong 3220, Australia 3 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
somatic symptoms [5] and a higher risk of chronic disease
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