Physical Processes in Star Formation
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Physical Processes in Star Formation Philipp Girichidis1 · Stella S.R. Offner2 · Alexei G. Kritsuk3 · Ralf S. Klessen4 · Patrick Hennebelle5,6 · J.M. Diederik Kruijssen7 · Martin G.H. Krause8 · Simon C.O. Glover4 · Marco Padovani9
Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Star formation is a complex multi-scale phenomenon that is of significant importance for astrophysics in general. Stars and star formation are key pillars in observational astronomy from local star forming regions in the Milky Way up to high-redshift galaxies. From a theoretical perspective, star formation and feedback processes (radiation, winds, and supernovae) play a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of the physical processes at work, both individually and of their interactions. In this review we will give an overview of the main processes that are important for the understanding of star formation. We start with an observationally motivated view on star formation from a global perspective and outline the general paradigm of the life-cycle of molecular clouds, in which star formation is the key process to close the cycle. After that we focus on the thermal and chemical aspects in Star Formation Edited by Andrei Bykov, Corinne Charbonnel, Patrick Hennebelle, Alexandre Marcowith, Georges Meynet, Maurizio Falanga and Rudolf von Steiger
B P. Girichidis
[email protected]
1
Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik (AIP), Potsdam, Germany
2
The University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX, USA
3
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0424, USA
4
Zentrum für Astronomie, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Universität Heidelberg, Albert-Ueberle-Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Laboratoire AIM, Paris-Saclay, CEA/IRFU/SAp – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
6
LERMA (UMR CNRS 8112), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75231 Paris Cedex, France
7
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
8
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK
9
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi, 5 50125 Firenze, Italy
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star forming regions, discuss turbulence and magnetic fields as well as gravitational forces. Finally, we review the most important stellar feedback mechanisms. Keywords Star formation · Basic processes · Global star formation laws · Stellar feedback
1 Introduction In this section we provide a general overview of the star formation process on global scales as well as the current paradigm of the life cycle of molecular clouds, in which the formation of stars marks the turning point between the cooling of gas, the condensation and finally the collapse on the one hand and the feedback processes on the other hand, in which the stars influence their environment and reheat the gas to complete the cycle. There are large var
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