Stellar Populations and the Star Formation History

An early determination of the stellar populations in M33 was the analysis of the stellar photometry obtained by Mould and Kristian (1986), as described in Chap. 8. Their results indicated that the galaxy contains a population of old stars, similar to thos

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Astrophysics and Space Science Library EDITORIAL BOARD Chairman W. B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A. ([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands ([email protected]) F. BERTOLA, University of Padua, Italy J. P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A. C. J. CESARSKY, Commission for Atomic Energy, Saclay, France P. EHRENFREUND, Leiden University, The Netherlands O. ENGVOLD, University of Oslo, Norway A. HECK, Strasbourg Astronomical Observatory, France E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands V. M. KASPI, McGill University, Montreal, Canada J. M. E. KUIJPERS, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands H. VAN DER LAAN, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK F. PACINI, Istituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalore, India B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, Russia R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/5664

Paul Hodge

The Spiral Galaxy M33

Paul Hodge Department of Astronomy University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98105-1580 USA [email protected]

Cover Figure caption: M33 in radio and optical. Cover Image produced by T. Rector, D. Thilker and R. Braun; Copyright by National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy/National Science Foundation and by the WIYN Consortium, Inc., all rights reserved.

ISSN 0067-0057 ISBN 978-94-007-2024-4 e-ISBN 978-94-007-2025-1 DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2025-1 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938108 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

This book summarizes the gathering of knowledge of M33 from the 1920s, when Hubble first determined its true nature, to the twenty-first century, when the Hubble Telescope probed deeply into its many secrets. More than our Milky Way or the Andromeda Galaxy, the smaller spiral M33 is the only really typical spiral galaxy of our Local Group. It is neither a giant nor a dwarf. It has a regular symmetrical spiral structure, not conspicuously distorted by recent tidal encounters or interactions. While not face-on, it is not tilted too much (as is the case of M31) to make it difficult to untangle its structure. And it lies near enough to allow us to study its stars in enough detail to measure stellar and cluster ages and chemical composition