Physicomechanical Studies of Ancient Ceramics Discovered in Kyrgyzstan
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PHYSICOMECHANICAL STUDIES OF ANCIENT CERAMICS DISCOVERED IN KYRGYZSTAN G. T. Oruzbaeva1 Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 43 – 46, May, 2020.
The results of multi-method studies of the physicochemical properties of Bronze to (late) Middle Ages ceramic found in different regions of Kyrgyzstan are examined. The methods consist of complementary: measurement of the hardness by the Rockwell method and determination of the density by the hydrostatic weighing method. The apparent density and the water absorption are determined and the open porosity is calculated. An integrated professional study of ceramics from different archaeological sites will make an appreciable contribution to the implementation of a strategy for the development of the Republic and will help to recreate a complete picture of Kyrgyzstan’s historical and cultural heritage. Key words: ancient ceramic of Kyrgyzstan, hardness, apparent density, water absorption, open porosity.
In recent years more and more scientists have been turning their attention to the original conception and evolution of ceramics. Research on the lives of ancient Kyrgyzians focuses a great deal of attention on the internal properties and qualities of ancient ceramics of Kyrgyzstan: the chemical and mineralogical properties [1], density, porosity, and other physicochemical [2] and physicomechanical [3] features of pottery fragments. In Kyrgyzstan random samples have been studied unsystematically thus far, in which connection a comprehensive investigation of ancient Kyrgysian ceramics is performed in the present work. To obtain complete information the hardness is measured by the Rockwell method and the density is determined by the method of hydrostatic weighing of one and the same sample. For these studies ceramic samples were taken from the Chui, Issyk-Kul, and Talas valleys and from the Kochkor and Suzak regions, beginning with the Bronze Age up to the late Middle Ages. These samples were kindly provided by professor K. Sh. Tabaldiev [3]. The least studied property of the ceramics is hardness, which is the basis of the strength and durability of ceramic articles. The hardness was measured by Rockwell’s method, which is simpler than the Brinell method because there is no need for calculations performed using formulas or careful surface preparation of the tested material since a preliminary load P0 is used. The measurements were performed on a 1
TK-2M apparatus in the laboratory of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at I. Razzakov Kyrgyz State Technical University. In measuring the Rockwell hardness an indenter, consisting of a 1.59 mm in diameter steel ball, is pressed into the sample by means of two successively applied loads — a preliminary load P0 and a general load P: P = P 0 + P1 ,
(1)
where P1 is the main load. First, in order to improve the accuracy of the test an indenter is pressed under a preliminary load P0 = 98 N into the surface of the sample; this load is not removed before the completion of the test. The indenter i
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