Physics at Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century Leiden: Philosophy and the New Science in the University
2 result of the attitudes characteristic of the small group of permanent residents at the schools, the academic scholars. This conservatism, however, was not everywhere equally efficacious. In the sixteenth century, the universities of northern Italy, Pad
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ARCHIVES INTERNA TIONALES D'HISTOIRE DES IDEES INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE HISTORY OF IDEAS
Series Minor
11 EDWARD G. RUESTOW
PHYSICS AT SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LEIDEN: PHILOSOPHY AND THE NEW SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY
Directors: P. Dibon (Paris) and R. Popkin (Univ. of California, La Jolla) Editorial Board: J. Aubin (Paris) ;J. Collins (St. Louis Univ.); P. Costabel (Paris); A. Crombie (Oxford); 1. Dambska (Cracow); H. de la Fontaine-Verwey (Amsterdam); H. Gadamer (Heidelberg); H. Gouhier (Paris) ;T. Gregory (Rome); T. E. Jessop (Hull); P. O. Kristeller (Columbia Univ.); Elisabeth Labrousse (Paris); A. Lossky (Los Angeles); S. Lindroth (Upsala); P. Mesnard (Tours) ;J. Orcibal (Paris); 1. S. Revah t (Paris) ;J. Roger (Paris); H. Rowen (Rutgers Univ., N.Y.); G. Sebba (Emory Univ., Atlanta); R. Shackleton (Oxford) ;J. Tans (Groningen); G. Tonelli (Binghamton, N.Y.).
PHYSICS AT SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH-CENTUR Y LEIDEN: PHILOSOPHY AND THE NEW SCIENCE IN THE UNIVERSITY by
EDWARD G. R UESTOW
•
MARTINUS NIJHOFF / THE HAGUE / 1973
Dedicated to CLARA FRANCES AND PAUL ERNEST RUESTOW
with much affection
© 1973 by Martinus Nijhojf, The Hague, Netherlands All rights reserved, including the right to translate or to reproduce this book or parts thereof in any form ISBN-I3: 978-90-247-1557-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-2463-1
e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-010-2463-1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
vn
Acknowledgements CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION: A NEW UNIVERSITY AND THE CHALLENGE OF THE NEW SCmNCE
1
CHAPTER II. FRANCO BURGERSDUCK: LATE SCHOLASTICISM AT LEIDEN
14
CHAPTER III. TuMULT OVER CARTESIANISM
34
CHAPTER IV. JOANNES DE RAEY: PHYSICS AT LEIDEN
THE
INTRODUCTION OF CARTESIAN
CHAPTER V. PASSING CRISES, ENDURING DISAGREEMENT CHAPTER VI.
THE PRACTICE OF PHILOSOPHY
61 73
89
CHAPTER VII. 's GRAVESANDE AND MUSSCHENBROEK: NEWTONIANISM AT LEIDEN
113
CHAPTER VIII. CONCLUSION: SCmNCE, PHILOSOPHY AND PEDAGOGY
140
Selected Bibliography
155
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Begun as a dissertation at Indiana University, this study has remained
heavily indebted to the sympathetic criticism of Richard S. Westfall. The suggestions that he has offered that have contributed to the shaping of this book could never be completely enumerated, and I can only acknowledge that I have taken great advantage of his continuing interest. I am also beholden to Paul Miller of the University of Colorado, whose critical reading of Chapter IT did much to rectify my understanding of the Aristotelian and scholastic traditions. If that understanding may in places still seem wanting, it can be attributed only to my own obstinacy. lowe particular gratitude as well to Prof. Dr. S. van der Woude, Librarian of the University Library of Amsterdam, for permitting me to peruse the catalogue he is compiling of Dutch university disputations in European libraries, and to P. W. Tiele of the University of Leiden Library staff, who was always a source of the most ready and willing assistance. Finally, the financial support that allowed me to carry out this study was provided
