Physics of Planetary Rings Celestial Mechanics of Continuous Media

Physics of Planetary Rings describes striking structures in the planetary rings of Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter and Neptune. In Saturn, the rings are stratified into thousands of ringlets united in a complex hierarchical structure with spiral waves and gaps; i

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I. Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Borner, Garching, Germany M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Gottingen, Germany J. Lequeux, Paris, France P. A. Strittmatter, Tucson, AZ, USA V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH

Series Editors:

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A. M. Fridman · N. N. Gorkavyi

Physics of Planetary Rings Celestial Mechanics of Continuous Media

Translated by D. ter Haar With 125 Figures and 29 Tables

~Springer

Professor Alexei M. Fridman

Translator

Institute of Astronomy RAS Moscow State University 48 Pyatnitskaya SI. Moscow 109017. Russia, and

Professor D. ter Haar

Stemberg Astronomical Institute Moscow State University Universitetskii pr. 13 Moscow 119899, Russia

P.O. Box 10 Petworth, West Sussex GU28 ORY, United Kingdom

Dr. Nikolai N. Gorkavyi Crimean Astrophysical Observatory Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 685 Greenbelt, MD 20711, USA

Cover picture: Voyager-I' image of Saturn and its rings taken Nov. 16. 1980, four days after its closest approach to Saturn, from a distance of 5 300 000 lan (3300 000 miles), This viewing geometry, which shows Saturn as a crescent, is never achieved from Eaith. The Satumian rings, like the cloud tops of Saturn itself, are visible because they reflect sunlight. (Data available from U,S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Ce