Phyto-derivatives: an efficient eco-friendly way to manage Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
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MINI-REVIEW
Phyto-derivatives: an efficient eco-friendly way to manage Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) Waqar Islam 1 & Ali Noman 2 & Komivi Senyo Akutse 3 & Muhammad Qasim 4 & Habib Ali 5 & Ijaz Haider 6 & Mohamed Hashem 7,8 & Saad Alamri 7,9 & Omar Mahmoud al Zoubi 10 & Khalid Ali Khan 7,11,12 Received: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Worldwide, stored products are attacked by a large number of pests resulting in significant economic losses. Among these stored grain pests, khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) is one of the top ranked pests that has ability to survive under diverse climate conditions. The management of this pest is mainly done by using synthetic chemicals which have side effects on consumers, ecosystem and non-target organisms. However, phyto-derivatives were found to be the effective environment friendly alternatives against T. granarium. Therefore, in this review, success of phyto-derivatives against khapra beetle from conventional means to modern research has been critically analyzed, summarized and discussed. In context, the different life stages of the insect starting from egg laying to adult development have been briefly explained. The review focuses upon recent research conducted on the evaluation of dozens of phyto-derivatives. In addition, the article has also highlighted some limitations of plant derived compounds and concludes via hoping that the future formulated pesticides will be safer, economical, least toxic to human and our planet ecosystem. Keywords Botanicals . Phyto-chemicals . Food security . Extracts . Stored products
Introduction Agricultural and animal stored products are attacked by more than 20,000 field insects including six hundred species of beetles, more than 70 moth species and around 355 species of mites, resulting in quantitative and qualitative losses
* Waqar Islam [email protected]; [email protected] 1
2
Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
4
Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China
5
Department of Agriculture Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
worldwide (Nagpal and Kumar 2012; Rajendran 2005). These losses are more associated with developing countries because of poor sanitary conditions during commodity procurement, processing, non-hygienic transportation, conventional storage techniques and technically and poorly maintained storage units (Dubey et al. 2008; Hubert et al. 2004).
6
Entomological Institute, Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
7
Department of Biology
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