Phytoremediation: elimination of hexavalent chromium heavy metal using corn ( Zea mays L.)
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Phytoremediation: elimination of hexavalent chromium heavy metal using corn (Zea mays L.) Sevinç Adiloğlu1 · Merve Göker1 Received: 5 July 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2020
Abstract There are more natural and more cost-effective alternatives to economically over costing physical and chemical remediation of polluted agricultural soils. Heavy metals that exert a significant toxicity on the organisms in the environment are one of the primary dangerous materials. In the elimination of heavy metal toxicity in the soils, phytoremediation method is used as a new technology. In this study, the usability of corn (Zea mays L.) in the phytoremediation of hexavalent chromiumcontaminated soil. Moreover, the hyperaccumulator ability of the corn for Cr+6 heavy metal was evaluated. In order to increase the solubility of chromium heavy metal in the soil different amounts of chelator (EDTA) were applied to the soils. The study was conducted according to the random blocks experimental design under controlled conditions with totally 18 pots of 3 replicates of control and 5 different chelate doses (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 mmol/kg). The soils in the pots were incubated with 30 mg/kg Cr+6 as Chromium (VI) oxide (Sigma-Aldrich No: 232653) for 30 days. During the sowing of the corn seeds 150 mg/kg N, 100 mg/kgP2O5, and 125 mg/kg K2O were applied to the pots and watering was done when needed. After the harvest, the chromium contents of the root and stem were determined. The chromium in the stem of the control was 2.81 mg/ kg, and it was 31.46 mg/kg in the stem of 80 mmol/kg EDTA application trial. This result was statistically significant at 5%. The chromium content of the root was 18.57 mmol/kg in the control condition while it was 34.95 mmol/kg in the root of the highest concentration of applied chelate. This study revealed that corn is a hyperaccumulator plant to be used in phytoremediation of the soils contaminated by Cr+6. Keywords Phytoremediation · Heavy metal · Chromium · EDTA · Corn (Zea mays L.) · Pollution
Introduction Heavy metals that pollute soil have been subject of many researches around the world. The effects of heavy metals on human and environmental health have been taken into account together with the heavy metal sources in order to determine the polluted areas and the remediation techniques. Environmental pollution, which is defined as the unconscious damage of the human to the environment to achieve better life standards, is one of the most important issues of today’s world. Heavy metals not only accumulate in the organisms but persist in high concentrations in ecosystems through the food web. The damage levels and distribution * Sevinç Adiloğlu [email protected] 1
Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Süleymanpaşa‑Tekirdağ, Turkey
of heavy metals basically caused by human activities. This continuous pollution reaches a dangerous level by harming the plants in the ecosystem and their products (Okçu e
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