Piezoelectric 2D materials for bistable NEMS energy harvesters
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Piezoelectric 2D materials for bistable NEMS energy harvesters Miquel López-Suárez1, Miguel Pruneda2,3 and Riccardo Rurali3, Gabriel Abadal1 1 Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 2 ICN2 - Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain 3 Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) Campus de Bellaterra, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT The dynamics of one atom thick h-BN suspended nanoribbons have been obtained by first performing ab-initio calculations of the deformation potential energy and then solving numerically a Langevine type equation to explore their use as energy harvesting devices. Similarly to our previous proposal for a graphene-based harvester1, an applied compressive strain is used to drive the clamped-clamped nanoribbon structure into a bistable regime, where quasiharmonic vibrations are combined with low frequency swings between the minima of a doublewell potential. h-BN, graphene and MoS2 similar structures have been compared in terms of the static response to a compressive strain and of the dynamic evolution induced by an external noisy vibration. Due to its intrinsic piezoelectric response, the mechanical harvester naturally provides an electrical power that is readily available or can be stored by simply contacting the monolayer at its ends. Engineering the induced non-linearity, the proposed device is predicted to harvest an electrical root mean square (rms) power of more than 180 fW when it is excited by a noisy external force characterized by a white Gaussian frequency distribution with an intensity in the order of Frms=5pN. INTRODUCTION Significant efforts have been historically addressed by the ICT community to reduce the power consumption of electronic devices. Early predictions point that future Beyond-CMOS devices will provide a dramatic decrease of the ICT systems power consumption, and consequently, an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude in the computing performance in 20202, that should help, for instance, to revert the trend of the ICT impact on the carbon dioxide global emissions, which is nowadays around 2% and is expected to reach 3% in 2020 3. During the last years, research in this topic has been intensively restarted and several groups from different areas as energy aware software, energy harvesting and Terascale computing have merged their efforts to minimize the energy consumption of computing to the limit 4. In a scenario where the power consumption of ICT devices is drastically reduced, it makes sense to propose that power supply could be performed by means of energy harvesting systems, which convert the ubiquitous and freely available energy present in the ambient in different forms into useful energy in the electrical domain. Consequently, the combination of an ultralow power consumption device with an energy harvester can lead to a so called “zeropower” ICT device, which does not need batteries to work5. Nanoelectromechanical
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