Thermoelectric Energy Harvesters: A Review of Recent Developments in Materials and Devices for Different Potential Appli
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Thermoelectric Energy Harvesters: A Review of Recent Developments in Materials and Devices for Different Potential Applications Mohamed Fathi Sanad1 · Ahmed Esmail Shalan2,5 · Sameh O. Abdellatif1 · Esraa Samy Abu Serea3,5 · Mina Shawky Adly4,6 · Md. Ariful Ahsan7 Received: 15 April 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The thermoelectric effect encompasses three different effects, i.e. Seebeck effect, Peltier effect, and Thomson effect, which are considered as thermally activated materials that alter directions in smart materials. It is currently considered one of the most challenging green energy harvesting mechanisms among researchers. The ability to utilize waste thermal energy that is generated by different applications promotes the use of thermoelectric harvesters across a wide range of applications. This review illustrates the different attempts to fabricate efficient, robust and sustainable thermoelectric harvesters, considering the material selection, characterization, device fabrication and potential applications. Thermoelectric harvesters with a wide range of output power generated reaching the milliwatt range have been considered in this work, with a special focus on the main advantages and disadvantages in these devices. Additionally, this review presents various studies reported in the literature on the design and fabrication of thermoelectric harvesters and highlights their potential applications. In order to increase the efficiency of equipment and processes, the generation of thermoelectricity via thermoelectric materials is achieved through the harvesting of residual energy. The review discusses the main challenges in the fabrication process associated with thermoelectric harvester implementation, as well as the considerable advantages of the proposed devices. The use of thermoelectric harvesters in a wide range of applications where waste thermal energy is used and the impact of the thermoelectric harvesters is also highlighted in this review. Keywords Energy harvesting · Thermoelectric · Seebeck effect · Materials · Applications
Mohamed Fathi Sanad and Ahmed Esmail Shalan contributed equally to this manuscript. * Ahmed Esmail Shalan [email protected]; [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Topics in Current Chemistry
(2020) 378:48
Abbreviations ZT Thermoelectric materials figure of merit DFT Density-functional theory S Seebeck coefficient (µV/K) NRd-T Titania nanorods NFs-T Titania nanoflowers PVD Physical vapor deposition FTO Fluorine-doped tin oxide σ Electrical conductivity (kS m−1) VTEP Thermoelectric voltage TE Flexible thermoelectric HOPG Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite CNTs Carbon nanotubes PEDOT:PSS Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate PDINE Perylene diimide NDINE Naphthalene diimide DIPS Direct injection pyrolytic combination PEG Polyethylene glycol SWCNTs Single-walled carbon nanotubes C8BT
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