Piezoelectric energy harvesting system for the vertical vibration of superconducting Maglev train
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Piezoelectric energy harvesting system for the vertical vibration of superconducting Maglev train Daniel Song & Hyungkwan Jang & Se Bin Kim & Tae Hyun Sung
Received: 14 December 2012 / Accepted: 2 April 2013 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract In order to scavenge wasted energy from the vertical vibration of the superconductor Maglev bogie system into usable energy, an energy harvesting system was designed and optimized by applying steel balls for piezoelectric material to effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. Different size of steel balls were placed on a piezoelectric plate to amplify effects of piezoelectric material caused by the ambient vibration of superconducting Maglev train. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of the size of the balls (5.95, 7.14, 7.95, 9.55, 11.15, 12.71 or 15.89 mm), different total loads (68, 80, 100 g), vibration frequencies (11, 28 Hz), and the insertion of an LED. The following experimental results were found. First, the output voltages of the piezoelectric system increased when the steel ball diameter sizes increased until the optimum size determined by its geometric structure was reached. Secondly, as the vibration frequency increased, the output voltage also increased from millivolts to volts. Keywords Piezoelectricity . Energy harvesting system . Vibration . Superconducting Maglev
1 Introduction The magnetic levitation (Maglev) vehicle type is a non contact high-speed transportation system. In particular, the superconducting Maglev system has the advantages of higher levitating distance and higher electric efficiency over electromagnetic Maglev systems. The superconducting D. Song : H. Jang : S. B. Kim : T. H. Sung (*) Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea e-mail: [email protected]
Maglev train is levitated by superconducting magnets placed on the vehicle, guided and propelled by electromagnetic forces acting between the superconducting magnets and ground coils. Usually, the vibration of Maglev was caused from various sources such as geometric factors of the train, the railroad, bridges, supporting rail tracks, and the electromagnetic interaction between the bogie system and the Maglev train [1–4]. The vibration frequency range on a superconducting Maglev train was found to be in the range 1~300 Hz [5]. Additionally, previous works on the vibrational direction found that lateral vibrations were greater than vertical vibrations [6–8]. Previous research on an actual superconducting Maglev system at the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line studied the resonance frequencies of the vertical bending modes and found that the peak vertical frequencies were 11 Hz and 28 Hz in previous studies for the actual superconducting maglev system at the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line [9–12]. To exploit the ambient vibrations on a Maglev train, piezoelectric materials were applied. Piezoelectric materials are used in the independent power supply systems of many mic
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