Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts
Since the first works introducing the aluminum intercalated clay family in the early 1970s, interest in the synthesis of pillared interlayered clays has increased tremendously, especially research into the properties and applications of new synthesis meth
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Antonio Gil · Sophia A. Korili · Raquel Trujillano · Miguel Angel Vicente Editors
Pillared Clays and Related Catalysts
Foreword by Thomas J. Pinnavaia
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Editors Dr. Antonio Gil Department of Applied Chemistry Public University of Navarra Pamplona 31080, Spain [email protected]
Dr. Sophia A. Korili Department of Applied Chemistry Public University of Navarra Pamplona 31080, Spain [email protected]
Dr. Raquel Trujillano Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Salamanca Salamanca 37008, Spain [email protected]
Dr. Miguel Angel Vicente Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Salamanca Salamanca 37008, Spain [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-4419-6669-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-6670-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-6670-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010933724 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Foreword
The concept of using intercalation chemistry to transform a lamellar solid into a porous analog originated more than 55 years ago in the Aberdeen University laboratory of Professor Richard M. Barrer. In a seminal 1955 paper, co-authored with graduate student D.M. MacLeod and published in the Transactions of the Faraday Society, Barrer described how the “replacement of inorganic cations in montmorillonite by N(CH3 )4 + and N(C2 H5 )4 + cations opens up the lamellae and causes profound changes in the sorption and intercalation of organic molecules.” The paper also demonstrated sorptive selectivity based on the cross-sectional molecular diameters of the adsorbates. Despite the promising molecular sieving properties of Barrer’s alkylammonium ion-exchanged forms of smectite clays, his innovation remained essentially undeveloped for two decades due primarily to the concomitant discovery of synthetic zeolites Linde Type A (LTA) and Type X (FAU). These purely inorganic molecular sieves had surface areas and pore volumes comparable to Barrer’s clay intercalates, but they were far more thermally stable in comparison to the alkylammonium ion-exchanged forms of smectic clays. In 1977, George W. Brindley and R.E. Sempels showed that the partial replacement of Na+ -exchange cations by hydroxyaluminum cations in the galleries of the smectic clay be
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