Pine-tree-like morphologies of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes: Electron field emission enhancement
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or Perea-López Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Sofía M. Vega-Díaz Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST), Shinshu University, Nagano-city 380-8553, Japan
Florentino López-Urías Advanced Materials Division, IPICYT, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
Ana Laura Elías Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Josué Ortiz-Medina Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST), Shinshu University, Nagano-city 380-8553, Japan
Emilio Muñoz-Sandovala) Advanced Materials Division, IPICYT, San Luis Potosí 78216, México
Mauricio Terrones Department of Physics and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons (JST), Shinshu University, Nagano-city 380-8553, Japan; and Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA (Received 22 October 2013; accepted 22 August 2014)
Nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles exhibiting pine-tree-like morphologies were synthesized on silicon–silicon oxide (Si/SiO2) substrates using a pressure-controlled chemical vapor deposition process. Electron field emission (FE) measurements showed a notable emission improvement at low turn-on voltages for the CNT pine-like morphologies (e.g., 0.59 V/lm) in comparison with standard aligned N-doped CNTs (.1.5 V/lm). We envisage that these pine-tree-like structures could be potentially useful in the fabrication of efficient FE and photonic devices.
I. INTRODUCTION
Carbon is a fascinating element and can be found naturally as crystalline diamond, graphite, or as amorphous carbon. More interestingly, carbon can also be found in diverse micro- and nanoarchitectures that include fullerenes, 1 nanotubes, 2,3 graphene,4 among several other nanostructures. 5,6 These carbon nanostructures have attracted the interest of the scientific community due to their fascinating physical and chemical properties; some of them could have applications in electronics and photonics, particularly in the fabrication of field emission (FE) devices. 7,8 a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2014.262 J. Mater. Res., Vol. 29, No. 20, Oct 28, 2014
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In this context, a variety of nanoarchitectures have been intensively studied to find ways to enhance their electron FE properties.9 For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could enhance the emission performance in flat panel displays9 and increase the resolution of scanning electron microscopes when used as electron field emitters.10,11 The standard configuration of nanotube-based field emitters consists of vertically aligned CNTs grown/deposited on a substrate; electrons are emitted parallel to the tube longitudinal axis when a vo
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