Pioneering women of microbiology in Spain
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Pioneering women of microbiology in Spain Alfonso V. Carrascosa Santiago 1 Received: 3 December 2019 / Revised: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 30 March 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Presented herein are the trajectories of four women who can be considered pioneers of microbiology in Spain. Three of them have been studied before, but never presented as pioneers of microbiology, and their lives are briefly reviewed: Zoe Rosinach Pedrol, a pioneering microbiologist in the health care field; Isabel Torán del Carré, in the agri-food sector; and Luz Zalduegui Gabilondo in the veterinary sciences. Nevertheless, Trinidad del Pan Arana is presented from the first time as pioneering microbiologist in the natural sciences area. All of these women developed their professional activity during the first third of the twentieth century, contributing to the establishment of microbiology as a new scientific discipline in Spain. Keywords History of science . Microbiology . Pioneers . Women
Studies on the role of women in the development of microbiology as a discipline in Spain are scarce and isolated in nature. The progressive incorporation of women in microbiological research in Spain that occurred throughout the twentieth century began in 1910, immediately after women were officially permitted to attend university (Montero 2009). Only after then were there female graduates of the biological sciences that dedicated their careers to the study of single-celled microscopic living beings, a scientific discipline that had already taken its first steps in Spain through figures such as Jaime Ferrán (Báguena 2019) or institutions such as the Alfonso XIII National Institute of Hygiene (Porras 2019). Three main paths of entry into microbiology in Spain, all of them through the hands of the scientific instrument par excellence, the microscope, have been identified in the literature: the first was through the health care field (Báguena 1984), the second through the agri-food sector (Martínez 2005) and the third through the naturalists (Carrascosa and Martín 2015). A fourth path that has not been previously included in the literature is through the veterinary sciences and the work of one of the pioneering women presented here. * Alfonso V. Carrascosa Santiago [email protected] 1
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva. Grupo de Historia y Documentación de las Ciencias Naturales en España, C/ Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
Pioneer in medical microbiology: Zoe Rosinach Pedrol It is well known that medical establishments in which microscopes were installed were on the first path to microbiological research and teaching. These centres contributed to the development of so-called laboratory medicine, which promoted the use of the microscope in pathology and in the clinic. In fact, the first university chair to incorporate the word microbiology in its name originated from the health care field and was called
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