Plant-parasitic nematodes on cereals in northern Kazakhstan
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Plant‑parasitic nematodes on cereals in northern Kazakhstan Abdelfattah Dababat1 · Mustafa İmren2 · Mikhail Pridannikov3 · Göksel Özer2 · Rauan Zhapayev4 · Fouad Mokrini5 · Ainur Otemissova6 · Aigerim Yerimbetova6 · Alexey Morgounov1 Received: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 12 February 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are considered serious damaging on the global cereals production systems. The current study was conducted to evaluate the incidence of PPNs in the main cereal-growing areas in northern Kazakhstan. PPNs were detected in about 90% of 78 soil samples and thirteen genera were identified, including Pratylenchus, Heterodera, Geocenamus, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchus, Pratylenchoides, and Tylenchorhynchus. Out of the 78 samples, 32 samples were found infested by Heterodera filipjevi based on the morphological and molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report on this cereal cyst nematode species in northern Kazakhstan. During the morphological and molecular assays, intraspecific polymorphism was observed within H. filipjevi populations and the populations divided into at least two groups. The highest frequency of infestation of H. filipjevi (76%) was recorded from Kokshetau Province when compared to other provinces: Astana (50%), Petropavl (37%), and Kostanay (16%). The highest number of cysts (30.4) was found among Astana samples while the lowest number of cysts (18.2) was recorded from Kostanay samples. Cyst nematodes can maintain their population above the economic threshold as stimulated by the cereal monoculture system (mainly wheat) which is similar to the cereal production systems of northern Kazakhstan. Keywords Heterodera spp. · ITS region · Plant-parasitic nematodes · Taxonomy · Wheat
Introduction Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important crop of many countries, contributing nearly one third of the total global food grain production (FAOSTAT 2019). Kazakhstan is one of the largest wheat-producing countries * Abdelfattah Dababat [email protected] 1
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Ankara, Turkey
2
Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
3
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia
4
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), Almaty, Kazakhstan
5
Biotechnology Unit, Regional Centre of Agricultural Research, National Institute of Agriculture Research (INRA), Rabat, Morocco
6
Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University, Astana, Kazakhstan
with an average annual grain production of 14 million tons over a total area of 12 million ha in 2013–2017. Wheatgrowing area exceeds 80% of the total cultivated area in Kazakhstan (Abugalieva and Pena 2010; Abugaliyeva and Morgounov 2016). However, the country average wheat yield is still far below that of the international wheat yield average (Abugaliyeva and Morgounov 2016). Plant-parasitic nematodes are co
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