Plant Silicon Amendment Does Not Reduce Population Growth of Schizaphis graminum or Host Quality for the Parasitoid Lysi
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Plant Silicon Amendment Does Not Reduce Population Growth of Schizaphis graminum or Host Quality for the Parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes MV SAMPAIO1, GM FRANCO1,2, DT LIMA1, ARC OLIVEIRA1, PF SILVA1, ALZ SANTOS1,3, AVM RESENDE1, FAA SANTOS4, LVC GIRÃO5 1
Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Univ of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil Entomology Dept, Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA, USA 3 School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State Univ (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Brasil 4 Institute of Biotechnology, Federal Univ of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil 5 College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Univ of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil 2
Keywords Antibiosis, Fitness, Induced resistance, Parasitoid, Plant resistant, Sorghum bicolor Correspondence MV Sampaio, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Univ of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brasil; [email protected] Edited by Rafael M Pitta – Embrapa Received 23 October 2019 and accepted 25 March 2020 * Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 2020
Abstract Interactions between different pest control methods can affect Integrated Pest Management efficiency. This study sought to evaluate (1) if Si accumulation is related to the level of constitutive resistance in sorghum genotypes, (2) the level of Si induces resistance by antibiosis in sorghum genotypes with different levels of constitutive resistance to Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (reared individualized or in colonies), and (3) the fitness of Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) in aphids reared on Sitreated and untreated plants. Several experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions, using sorghum genotypes with different levels of resistance grown in pots with or without the addition of Si to the soil. The susceptible (BR007B), moderately resistant (GB3B), and highly resistant (TX430XGR111) genotypes all absorbed more Si when it was added to the soil compared with when it was not amended. However, the final Si content of treated plants was not related to the level of constitutive resistance among treated genotypes. While Si soil application did reduce the fecundity of individualized aphids reared on the susceptible and moderately resistant sorghum plants, it did not reduce populational growth of aphid colonies, independent of the level of plant’s constitutive resistance. Parasitoid (L. testaceipes) had higher weight when reared from aphids fed on plants with added Si. Sorghum × constitutive resistance × S. graminum interactions were affected by plant Si content only for individualized aphids but not for aphid colonies. Sorghum × S. graminum × L. testaceipes interactions suggest that Si can have, overall, a positive effect on the biological control of S. graminum.
Introduction Plant resistance can directly affect herbivores, but it may also affect their natural enemies, thereby indirectly influencing herbivore’s population. Moreover, such direct and indirect effects of plant resistance can be caused by constitutive
factors, present before insect attack or by factors ind
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