Plants and the Digestive System
Digestion takes place in the alimentary canal by means of enzymes secreted mostly by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. Mechanical movements such as chewing initially break down food before mixing it in the stomach and intestine. Besides enzymes,
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Stomatitis, Gingivitis, Glossitis
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Clinical Picture Stomatic Plants Marshmallow, Propolis Other Stomatic Drugs Myrrh Aloe gel
Dyspepsia Clinical Picture Phytotherapy of Dyspepsia
Chili Emblic myrobalan Bitter Drugs Gentian Other Bitter Drugs Centaury, Quassia Wormwood. Blessed thistle, Bitter-orange peel
F. Capasso et al., Phytotherapy © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003
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Flatulence Clinical Picture Carminatives
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Other ~rminative Herbs Anise, Fennel Herbal formula (Peppermint, ~raway, German chamomile, liquorice, Lemmon balm, Bitter candytuft) (Iberogas ) ••
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Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Clinical Picture Phytotherapy of Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Ulcer-healing Plants Antacids liquorice Other Anti-ulcer Drugs Chamomile, Chili, Mucilages and gums
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Kinetosis Clinical Picture Antikinetosics Ginger
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Constipation Clinical Picture Laxatives Anthraquinones Senna Other Anthraquinone-containing Laxatives
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Frangula, Rhubarb Bulk-forming Laxatives Psyllium Agar, Bran, Tragacanth Other Laxative Herbs and Fruit Tamarind, Cassia, Plums
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Diarrhea Clinical Picture Antidiarrheal Drugs Antidiarrheal Activity ofTannin-eontaining Herbs Agrimony, Oak bark, Blackberry, Lady's mantle Tea Other Antidiarrheal Herbs Uzara, Coffee charcoal, Green banana
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome Clinical Picture Phytotherapy of IBS Peppermint oil
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Further Reading
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Introduction
Digestion takes place in the alimentary canal by means of enzymes secreted mostly by the stomach, pancreas and small intestine. Mechanical movements such as chewing initially break down food before mixing it in the stomach and intestine. Besides enzymes, some glands in the intestine produce a mucus which lubricates and protects the digestive tract, but which can also interact with and reduce the absorption of herbal medicines. Digestion is facilitated by peristalsis, a wave of muscle contractions that begins in the duodenum and spreads towards the colon. In the mouth, chewing initiates digestion through the action of ptylin (to digest starch). The stomach stores ingested food and subjects it to further digestion through the action of hydrochloric acid secreted by parietal cells and pepsin (a protease) secreted by the chief cells. In the small intestine proteases, Iipases and amylases complete the digestion of most foods. The stomach lining is well protected by a layer of mucus against the corrosive action of gastric juice. In the small intestine most drugs, sugars and minerals are absorbed, while in the large intestine mostly water and mineral salts are absorbed. Transit of intralumenal contents depends upon the coordination of intestinallongitudinal and circular muscle contractions. Contrary to common belief, transit through the intestinal tract may be decreased when circular muscle c
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