Lineage tracing: technology tool for exploring the development, regeneration, and disease of the digestive system
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(2020) 11:438
REVIEW
Open Access
Lineage tracing: technology tool for exploring the development, regeneration, and disease of the digestive system Yue Zhang1,2, Fanhong Zeng1,2, Xu Han1,2, Jun Weng1,2* and Yi Gao1,2*
Abstract Lineage tracing is the most widely used technique to track the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of specific cells in vivo. The currently available gene-targeting technologies have been developing for decades to study organogenesis, tissue injury repairing, and tumor progression by tracing the fates of individual cells. Recently, lineage tracing has expanded the platforms available for disease model establishment, drug screening, cell plasticity research, and personalized medicine development in a molecular and cellular biology perspective. Lineage tracing provides new views for exploring digestive organ development and regeneration and techniques for digestive disease causes and progression. This review focuses on the lineage tracing technology and its application in digestive diseases. Keywords: Lineage tracing, Gene targeting, Liver regeneration, Hepatic progenitor cells, Liver disease, The hepatitis B virus, Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Gastrointestinal disease, Medical application
Introduction During embryonic development, every single cell assumes different roles of movement, migration, and differentiation to satisfy special organ or system physiological needs. Therefore, tracing the fates of specific cells provides important understandings for monitoring organogenesis, physiological, and pathological processes [1, 2]. The principle of lineage tracing is to track and observe physiological and pathological changes in single-cell level by specific exogenous and endogenous cell markers. Conklin found that the early mitotic bulb coloration of sea squirt embryos differed in the early twentieth century which was considered as the very beginning of lineage tracing [3]. Later, Cheng and Leblond used iron * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
hematoxylin and 3H-thymidine treatment to stain mature enteroendocrine cells to trace differentiation pattern of enteroendocrine cells by electron microscopy; however, inaccuracy of the pigmentation differences limited its further application [4]. Subsequently, Mio succeed observing embryonic development used time-lapse cinematography to monitor the living embryos development which were widely used to study morphogenetic and development changes during the embryonic dynamics [5, 6]. Later, researchers tried to physically inject a variety of dyes and probes into cells and observe the differences in expression betwee
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