Plasma proteome changes in cardiovascular disease patients: novel isoforms of apolipoprotein A1
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RESEARCH
Open Access
Plasma proteome changes in cardiovascular disease patients: novel isoforms of apolipoprotein A1 Pavel Májek1*, Zuzana Reicheltová1, Jiří Suttnar1, Martin Malý2, Milan Oravec2, Klára Pečánková1 and Jan E Dyr1
Abstract Background: The aim of this proteomic study was to look for changes taking place in plasma proteomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and stable angina pectoris (SAP). Methods: Depleted plasma proteins were separated by 2D SDS-PAGE (pI 4-7), and proteomes were compared using Progenesis SameSpots statistical software. Proteins were identified by nanoLC-MS/MS. Proteins were quantified using commercial kits. Apolipoprotein A1 was studied using 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE, together with western blotting. Results: Reciprocal comparison revealed 46 unique, significantly different spots; proteins in 34 spots were successfully identified and corresponded to 38 different proteins. Discrete comparisons of patient groups showed 45, 41, and 8 significantly different spots when AMI, UAP, and SAP were compared with the control group. On the basis of our proteomic data, plasma levels of two of them, alpha-1 microglobulin and vitamin D-binding protein, were determined. The data, however, failed to prove the proteins to be suitable markers or risk factors in the studied groups. The plasma level and isoform representation of apolipoprotein A1 were also estimated. Using 1D and 2D SDS-PAGE, together with western blotting, we observed extra high-molecular weight apolipoprotein A1 fractions presented only in the patient groups, indicating that the novel high-molecular weight isoforms of apolipoprotein A1 may be potential new markers or possible risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: The reported data show plasma proteome changes in patients with AMI, UAP, and SAP. We propose some apolipoprotein A1 fractions as a possible new disease-associated marker of cardiovascular disorders.
Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of premature death in Europe. It is an important cause of decrease in quality of life, disability, and contributes substantially to the escalating costs of health care [1]. Generally, the epidemic of CVD is a global phenomenon, and the magnitude of its increase in incidence has potentially major implications for countries that represent much of the developed world. There are two major approaches to the prevention of CVD: public health/ community-based strategies and clinical-based strategies with a targeted approach to high-risk patients using modern methods to estimate risk factors, plus various * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
combinations of these approaches. Thus, laboratory medicine now plays a crucial role in identifying risk factors, early events, and conditions triggering plaque rupture in coronary heart disease [2,3]. The greatest progress in laboratory res
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