Plasmodium vivax in Oceania
Of the five species of malaria parasites infecting humans, Plasmodium vivax has the widest global distribution, with more than 80 million people infected each year (Price et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:79–87, 2007) and 2.5 billion people at risk (Gething et
- PDF / 710,573 Bytes
- 24 Pages / 439.37 x 666.14 pts Page_size
- 39 Downloads / 196 Views
Plasmodium vivax in Oceania Leanne J. Robinson, Moses Laman, Lyndes Wini, and Ivo Mueller
Abstract
Of the five species of malaria parasites infecting humans, Plasmodium vivax has the widest global distribution, with more than 80 million people infected each year (Price et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:79–87, 2007) and 2.5 billion people at risk (Gething et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6:e1814, 2012). Despite this, the majority of malaria research has focused on Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the high burden of malaria-related morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (Hay et al. Lancet Infect Dis 4:327–336, 2004), leaving P. vivax an important but neglected tropical disease requiring attention. Historically, malaria transmission in the Oceania region has been high with endemicity comparable to sub-Saharan Africa and ranging from holo- or hyperendemic in Papua/West Papua provinces of Indonesia and the coastal and lowland areas of Papua New Guinea to meso- and hypoendemic in the archipelago
L.J. Robinson (*) Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia e-mail: [email protected] M. Laman Vector Borne Diseases Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea L. Wini Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia Ministry of Health, Honiara, Solomon Islands I. Mueller Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia Malaria Parasites & Hosts Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 A. Loukas (ed.), Neglected Tropical Diseases - Oceania, Neglected Tropical Diseases, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-43148-2_6
153
154
L.J. Robinson et al.
of islands that comprise the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, respectively. P. vivax is endemic in all four of these locations and the predominant Plasmodium spp. infection in at least two of them. P. vivax resistance to chloroquine is widespread, and primaquine, the only drug currently available for radical cure, has poor compliance to its 14-day regime and carries the risk of potentially life-threatening haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. As malaria vectors in Oceania are often outdoor biting and resting, P. vivax is less vulnerable to traditional vector control measures such as bed nets and indoor residual spraying, and P. vivax can cause a large-scale resurgence when control measures are weakened, as witnessed in this region in the 1970s. Thus there is a growing recognition that P. vivax poses major, unresolved challenges to the control of malaria in Oceania and that without new tools specifically addressing these cha
Data Loading...
