Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor
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Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor Nikolay Lvovich KAZANSKIY1,2, Svetlana Nikolaevna KHONINA1,2, and Muhammad Ali BUTT1,3* 1
Department of Technical Cybernetics, Samara National Research University, Moskovskoye Shosse 34, Samara 443086,
Russia 2
Institute of RAS-Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Molodogvardeiskaya 151, Samara 443001,
Russia 3
Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, Warszawa 00-662,
Poland *
Corresponding author: Muhammad Ali BUTT
E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: We propose a polarization-insensitive design of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide (HPWG) optimized at the 3.392 μm wavelength which corresponds to the absorption line of methane gas. The waveguide design is capable of providing high mode sensitivity (Smode) and evanescent field ratio (EFR) for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) hybrid modes. The modal analysis of the waveguide is performed via 2-dimension (2D) and 3-dimension (3D) finite element methods (FEMs). At optimized waveguide parameters, Smode and EFR of 0.94 and 0.704, can be obtained for the TE hybrid mode, respectively, whereas the TM hybrid mode can offer Smode and EFR of 0.86 and 0.67, respectively. The TE and TM hybrid modes power dissipation of ~3 dB can be obtained for a 20-µm-long hybrid plasmonic waveguide at the 60% gas concentration. We believe that the highly sensitive waveguide scheme proposed in this work overcomes the limitation of the polarization controlled light and can be utilized in gas sensing applications. Keywords: Hybrid plasmonic waveguide; finite element method; methane gas; evanescent field absorption gas sensor; polarization-insensitive Citation: Nikolay Lvovich KAZANSKIY, Svetlana Nikolaevna KHONINA, and Muhammad Ali BUTT, “Polarization-Insensitive Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide Design for Evanescent Field Absorption Gas Sensor,” Photonic Sensors, DOI: 10.1007/s13320-020-0601-6.
1. Introduction Optical sensors have several applications in various fields, such as medicine, chemistry, biology, health, and safety requiring compact, reliable, and yet cost-effective optical devices [1–4]. Due to the high accuracy, the sensitivity of recognition, and detection of chemical products, optical gas sensors
have been extensively investigated in the field of chemistry [5–7]. Poisonous and dangerous gases in an atmosphere exposing human health to danger and even leading to the casualties are increasingly revealing the need for the highly sensitive optical sensors to detect toxic gases [8]. Methane (CH4) is an extremely combustible gas that has the potential for being mixed with other chemicals at very low
Received: 10 March 2020 / Revised: 24 July 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com DOI: 10.1007/s13320-020-0601-6 Article type: Regular
Photonic Sensors
levels of about 5% and is at the risk of explosion [9]. Normally, it has a fo
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