Polyaniline-Modified Magnetic Halloysite Nanotube-Based Magnetic Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Polycy
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Polyaniline-Modified Magnetic Halloysite Nanotube-Based Magnetic Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction for the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Beer Samples by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Zhihong Shi 1,2,3,4 & Weiyue Pang 1 & Man Chen 1 & Yifan Wu 1 & Hongyi Zhang 1,2,3,4 Received: 29 May 2020 / Accepted: 15 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Polyaniline-modified magnetic halloysite nanotube composites (MHNTs@PANI) were evaluated for the first time as an efficient adsorbent for the magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from beer samples prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection. MHNTs@PANI were prepared from naturally available material halloysite by coating magnetic HNTs with polyaniline. After characterization, MHNTs@PANI were used to extract fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, benz [a] anthracene, and chrysene via π-π and hydrophobic interaction between PANI and analytes. The effects of the amount of adsorbent, ionic strength, type of eluent, extraction time, and desorption time were investigated. Under optimum conditions, good linearity was obtained for the analytes in the concentration range of 0.05–100 μg L−1 with R2 between 0.9962 and 0.9991. The limits of detection were in the range of 1.64–14.20 ng L−1 and the spiked recoveries ranged from 78.8 to 114.6%. The proposed method proved to be efficient, rapid, sensitive, and reliable, which has been successfully applied to the determination of PAHs in eight brands of beer samples. Keywords Polyaniline-modified magnetic halloysite nanotube composites . Magnetic micro-solid-phase extraction . Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons . Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry . Beer
Introduction Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of environmental and food processing contaminants produced from incomplete combustion of organic materials (Edokpayi et al. 2016; Fasano et al. 2016; Fan et al. 2019). Due to their chemical stability, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects, they have been listed as priority pollutants by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the International Agency for
* Hongyi Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
2
Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
3
Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis, Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
4
Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
Research of Cancer (IARC), and the European Union (EU) (German-Hernandez et al. 2013; Rascon et al. 2019; USEPA 2012; Wenzl et al. 2006). Studies have reported the presence of PAHs in different kinds of food and beverages (Garcia-Londoño et al. 2015; Grover et al. 2013; Singh et al. 2016; Paris et al. 2019; Szternfeld et al. 2019). Beer is the most consumed alcoholic drink in the world, ranking the th
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