Polymer g-C 3 N 4 wrapping bundle-like ZnO nanorod heterostructures with enhanced gas sensing properties
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Hongjie Liu Department of Science and Technology, Shiyuan College of Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530226, China
Hao Fu School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
Yinghui Wang,a) Kefu Yu,b) and Shaopeng Wang School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; and Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Nanning 530003, China (Received 27 December 2017; accepted 5 February 2018)
The ZnO/g-C3N4 binary heterostructures were formed by two steps, then the firm connection between ZnO NRs and lamellar g-C3N4 was characterized through powder XRD, FESEM with EDS, TEM, XPS, and Thermogravimetric analysis. Then the gas sensing performances of ZnO/g-C3N4 nanoheterostructures were analyzed systematically by using ethanol as a molecular probe. The results revealed that the fabricated compositive sensor not only exhibited quick response/recovery characteristics in the whole operating temperature (OT) range of 200–300 °C but also got a maximum response of 14.29 toward 100 ppm of ethanol at the optimal OT of only 260 °C. Moreover, such heterostructures also demonstrated good selectivity and superb reproducibility to acetone among all the tested toxic gases, especially higher response and faster response–recovery speeds than the pristine ZnO sensor. The above ZnO/g-C3N4 heterostructures may also supply other novel applications in the aspects of lithium-ion batteries, photocatalysis, optical devices, and so on.
I. INTRODUCTION
During the past decades, because of the low cost, easy operation, and real time detecting superiorities, semiconductor-based chemical gas sensors are attracting more and more attention in various fields like chemical process control, environmental pollutants monitoring, medical diagnosis, and so on.1–3 As the fine sensing material candidates, traditional semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs)4–10 have exhibited obvious superiorities such as good compatibility, fast response and recovery speeds, favorable stability, etc. However, some of their traditional preparations are very expensive and complex,11–13 even most of them work at high temperatures thus cause serious power consumption.14 Since each individual SMO-based sensing material must be used under certain conditions, how to fabricate high Contributing Editor: Chongmin Wang Address all correspondence to these authors. a) e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.37
performance sensors to meet practical usages becomes very necessary. ZnO (Eg 5 3.37 eV, 300 K) is one of the particularly attractive sensor candidates due to the favorable chemical stability and hypotoxicity. Recently, many efforts have been made to improve the sensing performances of traditional ZnO-based sensors, including morphology control, heterostructure construction, and noble element doping.15 Among various morphologies, 1D ZnO nanomaterials16–18 possess enhanced gas-sensing properties due t
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