Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing properties of Al-doped ZnO nanostructured thin films
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Enhanced room temperature ammonia gas sensing properties of Al‑doped ZnO nanostructured thin films K. Radhi Devi1 · G. Selvan2 · M. Karunakaran3 · I. Loyola Poul Raj4 · A. F. Abd El‑Rehim5,6 · H. Y. Zahran5,6 · Mohd. Shkir5 · S. AlFaify5 Received: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this present research work, we report the preparation of successfully synthesized ZnO films as pristine and doped with Al(Al-ZnO) on glass via facile, eco-friendly, and controllable SILAR method. A systematic evolution of structural, surface morphology, composition, photoluminescence and ammonia gas sensing behaviour of the system was investigated with a variation of Al dopant. XRD examination disclosed polycrystalline nature with the hexagonal system of all films and crystallite size was noticed between 37 and 51 nm. EDX study approves the presence of Al doping in ZnO. Surface morphological tests through SEM presented the formation of nanoparticles and nanorods with a variation of Al content. The photoluminescence study revealed that due to Al doping the PL intensity was quenched which signifies the reduction of defects in the films. It was shown that the estimated values of the energy gap are enlarged to 3.12 from 3.01 on rising the Al content till 3wt.% and finally decreased for 5wt.% Al content. The gas sensing analysis showed that Al doping content was made to drastically increase the gas sensing response. Compared with other dopant levels, the 3wt.% Al-ZnO nanorods unveiled the uppermost retort when tested to 100 ppm ammonia (NH3) gas concentration at room temperature. Keywords Controllable SILAR method · Al-ZnO thin films · X-ray diffraction · Optical properties · Gas sensor
* G. Selvan [email protected] 1
PG and Research Department of Physics, Sethupathy Government Arts College, Ramanathapuram, India
2
Department of Physics, Thanthai Hans Roever College, Perambalur, India
3
PG and Research Department of Physics, Alagappa Government Arts College, Karaikudi 630003, India
4
Department of Physics, Ananda College, Devakottai 630003, India
5
Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronics Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
6
Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Bio‑medical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy 11757, Egypt
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1 Introduction Environmental pollution and various hazards gases released from various chemical factories initiate the scientists to advance chemical sensors able to precisely monitor and alert for industrial and technological related systems in real-time. These developed sensors also can be properly utilized to prevent fire or explosion. Currently, nanostructured metal oxides have drawn significant attention in the field of nanotechnology for making active sensors to solve environmenta
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