Polypyrrole merged zirconium-based metal-organic framework NU-1000 for detection of levodopa
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Polypyrrole merged zirconium-based metal-organic framework NU-1000 for detection of levodopa Sudip Biswas 1
&
Yuling Chen 1 & Yao Xie 1 & Xin Sun 1 & Yang Wang 1
Received: 13 June 2020 / Accepted: 28 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A post-synthetic integration of polypyrrole onto NU-1000 MOF (PPy@NU-1000) was done by pyrrole adsorption, followed by oxidative polymerization. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and FTIR. The ultra-high specific surface area with high-density catalytic sites of NU-1000 (2223 m2 g−1) was combined with the electrical conductivity of PPy (2– 100 S cm−1). PPy@NU-1000 provides superior electrocatalytic activity and charge transfer properties compared to an individual component. The PPy@NU-1000-modified GCE was applied to detect the biomolecule Levodopa (LD). The DPV oxidation peak of LD was strongest at 272 ± 10 mV vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Under the optimized experimental condition, the fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibited a wide quantification range of 0.005–70 μM with a sub-nanomolar detection limit of 0.0001 μM (S/N 3). The described sensor exhibits high sensitivity (2.08 μA μM−1 cm−2) with reasonable stability, reproducibility, and selectivity for the detection LD in the presence of potentially interfering compounds. Furthermore, human serum analysis showed excellent recovery values within the range 99.3–101.6%. Validation of the method was performed against HPLC. Keywords Polypyrrole . L-Dopa . Levopada . Voltammetric sensor . Zr-pyrenic MOF . Metal organic framework
Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disease in the world causing prevalence, disability, and deaths [1]. Levodopa (LD) is an amino acid and precursor for many neurotransmitter formations in the human physiological system [2]. LD is used to treat motor symptoms for PD as it can cross blood-brain barriers, whereas dopamine itself cannot. However, an abnormal level of LD may cause adverse effects by increasing the dopamine level in the peripheral nervous system. Also, LD is a PD biomarker. An abnormal level of LD in physiological fluids can be used for the reliable diagnosis of PD in the early stages. Therefore, selective and sensitive detection of the LD in clinical samples has importance. Several analytical methods have been developed so far
* Sudip Biswas [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, China
for the detection of LD including HPLC [3], spectrophotometry [4], and electrochemical [5–8]. Although every method has some merits and demerits, here we have used the electrochemical method. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous polymers made of the organic linker with metal/metal nodes. They have some unique properties such as highly crystalline with ordered pores, ultra-high surface area, flexible structure, and highdensity coordination sites [9–11]. Given these exciting properties, M
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