Populist Discourse in Venezuela and the United States American Unexc

Using the conceptual framework of populism as discourse, Ritchie Savage provides a comparative analysis of U.S. and Latin American speeches and articles covering Betancourt’s Acción Democrática, Chávez, McCarthyism, and the Tea Party. In so doing, he

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Ritchie Savage

Populist Discourse in Venezuela and the United States

Ritchie Savage

Populist Discourse in Venezuela and the United States American Unexceptionalism and Political Identity Formation

Ritchie Savage Department of Social Science & Cultural Studies Pratt Institute Brooklyn, New York, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-72663-2    ISBN 978-3-319-72664-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72664-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017963122 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Cover pattern © Melisa Hasan Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Pivot imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

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Contents

1 Introduction   1 2 The Negative Proof of the Discursive Model: Populism as a Conceptual and Empirical Problem  15 3 From Betancourt to Chávez: Interpreting Venezuelan Populism in Two Revolutionary Governments  39 4 Anti-Leftist Populism in McCarthyism and the Tea Party  71 5 Comparing Populism in Venezuela and the United States 105 6 Everything in History Happens: Further Problems with Populism as a Comparative-­Historical Phenomenon 121 7 Conclusion 133 Bibliography  141 Index 147 vii

CHAPTER 1

Introduction

Abstract  In my book, I compare four cases labeled as “populism” in academic literature and found in Venezuela and the United States. From the immediate postwar period, I chose to focus on Acción Democrática (AD) (1945–1948) and Senator McCarthy, and concerning the contemporary period, I examine the Chávez administration and the Tea Party. The comparisons made between the two movements within each country are more widely acceptable and easily intuited. Neither is a so