Post-fatigue Behaviour of Kekatong Glued Laminated Timber Railway Sleepers
The availability of good quality timber log is limited as well as the depleting supply of wide width and long-length structural-grade timbers caused increase in price. However, the usage of timber sleeper is significant to certain location in the track sy
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Abstract The availability of good quality timber log is limited as well as the depleting supply of wide width and long-length structural-grade timbers caused increase in price. However, the usage of timber sleeper is significant to certain location in the track system. Consequently, alternative to replace existing timber sleepers to another timber product is vital and glued laminated timber (glulam) has a potential. Numerous researchers on glulam timber sleeper are focusing on the performance of static flexural study. However, the performance of glulam sleepers under the flexural fatigue is less known. Thus, this study leads to conduct flexural fatigue test in order to identify fatigue resistance of timber sleepers and investigate its behaviour. In addition, this study is carried out to determine the residual strength of timber sleepers after imposed with cyclic loading. A series of test were
The research is sponsored by The Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) under grant 03-01-01-SF0724. N.M. Bhkari (&) Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] Z. Ahmad Institute Infrastructure Engineering and Sustainable Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] A.A. Bakar Faculty of Civil Engineeering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: afi[email protected] P.M. Tahir Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product (INTROP), Putra Infoport, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 M. Yusoff et al. (eds.), InCIEC 2015, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-0155-0_69
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performed to determine the fatigue performance in accordance with the America Railway Engineering and Maintenance-of-Way (AREMA) Manual. The results showed that the Kekatong glulam sleepers complied with the requirement set by the AREMA Manual and the fatigue performance and behaviour are comparable to the solid timber sleepers. Keywords Fatigue
Glulam Heavy hardwood Timber sleeper
1 Introduction Timber sleeper has an effective and reliable performance in the railway track environment. There are more than 2.5 billion timber sleepers installed worldwide [1]. In Malaysia, as reported by Malaysian railway authority, Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB), 26.4 % from a total track length of 1724.5 km has been laid with timber sleepers [2]. Timber sleepers are in high demand in USA with 13 million timber sleepers in service [3]. Other European countries, Asian countries and Australia, the use of timber sleepers are recorded but the figures are less compared to other sleeper materials [4]. There are certain sections in the railway track systems required to use these timber sleepers such as at bridges, tunnels, stations, yard and industrial lines and at the soil area contributing extreme shocks and exce
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