Post-processing HAZUS earthquake damage and loss assessments for individual buildings
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Post‑processing HAZUS earthquake damage and loss assessments for individual buildings Daniel Felsenstein1 · Eilat Elbaum2 · Tsafrir Levi3 · Ran Calvo3 Received: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Building damage probabilities are invaluable for assessing short-term losses from natural hazards. In many countries however, the individual building level data required for assessing reliable damage are usually unavailable. This paper shows how the post-processing of aggregate HAZUS earthquake damage assessments can yield building-level damage probabilities. On the basis of three plausible scenarios for Northern Israel, we generate and visualize a building-level combined damage probability index. We use the tools of exploratory spatial data analysis to purge any causal influences in the spatial pattern of these calculated damage probabilities. The costs and benefits of our approach are discussed. Keywords HAZUS · Post-processing · Damage assessment · Earthquakes · Israel
1 Introduction Building damage probabilities are invaluable in assessing short-term, immediate losses from natural hazards. However, in most countries the individual building-level data required for assessing reliable damage are usually unavailable or can take years to assemble. This paper suggests that the post-processing of standard outputs generated by natural hazards assessment frameworks can yield important information on properties of structures in data-challenged contexts. Here, we use the HAZUS1 earthquake damage assessment system to illustrate this claim. This assessment framework has become the gold standard 1 HAZUS-MH is a freely available, GIS (Geographic Information Systems)-based damage and loss estimation software developed by FEMA (the US Federal Emergency Management Agency) in association with NIBS (the National Institute for Building Sciences). It currently incorporates dedicated modules for dealing with earthquakes, flooding, hurricanes and tsunamis. Outputs include physical damage assessment for buildings and critical infrastructure, economic loss evaluation and social impact assessment, such as displaced households and shelter requirements. For a chronology of HAZUS development, see Schneider and Schauer (2006).
* Daniel Felsenstein [email protected] 1
Department of Geography, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
2
Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
3
Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Natural Hazards
for estimating short-term damage and casualty losses from natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tsunamis and floods. It provides local policy makers and engineers with key outputs for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response and has been adapted worldwide to various local hazard environments, proving to be particularly flexible to local calibration (Kircher et al. 2006; Bendito et al. 2014). In this paper, we make a methodological contribution
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