Post-salt trapping mechanism of south-east Pre-Caspian and its application to petroleum exploration
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ORIGINAL PAPER-EXPLORATION GEOLOGY
Post‑salt trapping mechanism of south‑east Pre‑Caspian and its application to petroleum exploration Aitbek Akhmetzhanov1 · Geroy Zholtayev2 · Abdelkader Djeddou3 · Gauhar Akhmetzhanova4 · Bauyrzhan Oraz4 Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 / Published online: 9 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Kungurian saliferous sediments of the Pre-Caspian sedimentary basin represented by thick stratum of rock salt with interlayered lenses of anhydrites, terrigenous and carbonate rocks. Initial thickness of these sediments estimated as 4000–4500 m at the center of the depression and 1000–2000 m on the edges of the basin. The processes of halokinesis led to formation of more than 1200 salt dome structures represented by salt diapirs and walls, ridges and salt pillows. Number of salt dome related structures of Mesozoic clastic deposits revealed by seismic exploration carried out in 70–90′s of last century are quite common on the south-eastern part of the Pre-Caspian Sedimentary basin. Most of hydrocarbon pools in post-salt clastic rocks have been discovered on fault-related anticline prospects which are derived from salt tectonics morphologically variable (Munyithya et al. Petrol Explor Prod Technol 10: 2257–2267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00917-1, 2020). Other potential traps anticipated in the area are stratigraphic traps, pinch-out and unconformity-related traps, trapped by salt domes and walls or by salt overhang, etc. Keywords Seal · Pre-Caspian depression · Stratigraphic units · Structural interpretation · Trapping mechanism · Salt diapirs
Introduction Pre-Caspian sedimentary basin, covering area of more than 500,000 km2 (Fig. 1), is one of prolific oil and gas provinces with unique geological structure, and despite more than a century of exploration and production history is still remains poorly understood. The evolution of the Pre-Caspian has * Aitbek Akhmetzhanov [email protected] Geroy Zholtayev [email protected] Abdelkader Djeddou [email protected] Gauhar Akhmetzhanova [email protected] Bauyrzhan Oraz [email protected] 1
Kazakh-British Technical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
2
Institute of Geological Sciences Named After K.I. Satbaev, Almaty, Kazakhstan
3
Compagnie Générale de Géophysique, Massy, France
4
Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
identified a wide stratigraphic range for oil and gas accumulation. By now commercial accumulations of hydrocarbon set in the interval from the Middle Devonian to the Pliocene. Major oil and gas potential associated with subsalt sediments which are still underexplored by modern seismic and drilling data. Most of discoveries in this complex made in near-edge zones of the depression within the Astrakhan-Aktyubinsk system of highs and largest oil and gas reserves discovered within carbonate reservoirs (KMG Annual Report 2017; Abilkhasimov 2016; Ulmishek 2001; Soloviev 1992). Prospects for oil discovery also high enough in the post-salt complex of sediments, which has complex geolo
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