Post-transcriptional Regulation of Prostaglandin Biosynthesis

Prostaglandins (PGs) are potent bioactive lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid with significant physiological and pathological functions. Prostaglandin biosynthesis occurs through the concerted activities of various enzymes comprising the cycloox

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Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

K.M.J. Menon • Aaron C. Goldstrohm Editors

Post-transcriptional Mechanisms in Endocrine Regulation

Editors K.M.J. Menon Department of Biological Chemistry University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Aaron C. Goldstrohm Department of Biological Chemistry University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA

ISBN 978-3-319-25122-6 ISBN 978-3-319-25124-0 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-25124-0

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960457 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

The endocrine system is both diverse and complex, controlling a wide array of physiological processes and cellular responses. Hormones induce a variety of effects on cells, including regulation of metabolic processes, by increasing the levels or activity of enzymes and proteins in the target cells. Hormone responses can be amplified through cascades of signal transduction pathways leading to changes in gene expression including synthesis, processing, stability, and translation of mRNAs. Moreover, hormone responses can change enzyme activity through covalent modifications. While activation of gene expression and covalent modification of proteins have been the intense focus of studies for over the past several decades, recent advances in the RNA biology have provided new insights into the role of post-transcriptional mechanisms involved in cellular responses to hormones and other biomolecules. Throughout biology, post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms play an essential role in controlling dynamic gene expression. The outcom