Postpartum Weight Retention is Associated with Elevated Ratio of Oxidized LDL Lipids to HDL-Cholesterol
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Postpartum Weight Retention is Associated with Elevated Ratio of Oxidized LDL Lipids to HDL-Cholesterol Jatta Puhkala • Riitta Luoto • Markku Ahotupa Jani Raitanen • Tommi Vasankari
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Received: 31 July 2013 / Accepted: 13 September 2013 / Published online: 12 October 2013 Ó AOCS 2013
Abstract Oxidized LDL lipids (ox-LDL) are associated with lifestyle diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The present study investigated how postpartum weight retention effects on ox-LDL and serum lipids. The study is a nested comparative research of a cluster-randomized controlled trial, NELLI (lifestyle and counselling during pregnancy). During early pregnancy (8–12 weeks) and 1 year postpartum, 141 women participated in measurements for determining of plasma lipids: total cholesterol (T-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triacylglycerols (TAG) and ox-LDL. Subjects were stratified into tertiles (weight loss, unaltered weight and weight gain groups) based on their weight change from baseline to follow-up. Ox-LDL was determined by baseline level of conjugated dienes in LDL lipids. Among the group of weight gainers, concentration of TAG reduced less (-0.14 vs. -0.33, p = 0.002), HDL-C reduced more (-0.31 vs. -0.16, p = 0.003) and ox-LDL/HDL-C ratio increased (3.0 vs. -0.2, p = 0.003) when compared to group of weight loss. Both T-C and LDL-C elevated more (0.14 vs. -0.21, p = 0.008; 0.31 vs. 0.07, p = 0.015) and TAG and oxJ. Puhkala (&) R. Luoto J. Raitanen T. Vasankari UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Box 30, 33501 Tampere, Finland e-mail: [email protected] R. Luoto T. Vasankari The National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland M. Ahotupa Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland J. Raitanen School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
LDL reduced less (-0.33 vs. 0.20, p = 0.033; -3.33 vs. -0.68, p = 0.026) in unaltered weight group compared to weight loss group. The women who gained weight developed higher TAG and ox-LDL/HDL-C ratio as compared to those who lost weight. Postpartum weight retention of 3.4 kg or more is associated with atherogenic lipid profile. Keywords Oxidized LDL to HDL ratio Postpartum Plasma lipids Weight retention Weight loss Abbreviations BMI Body mass index GDM Gestational diabetes HDL-C HDL cholesterol LDL-C LDL cholesterol NELLI Name of the study, lifestyle and counselling during pregnancy OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test ox-LDL Oxidized LDL T-C Total cholesterol TAG Triacylglycerols
Introduction The high levels of total cholesterol (T-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and low levels of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are well-known risk factors for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases [1]. In certain circumstances, LDL is oxidatively modified, which has several proatherogenic and proinflammatory effects in arterial wall [2]. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) is scavenged by macrophages in endothelium, which
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