Pregnancy Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Obesity
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OBESITY + DIET (G RAO, SECTION EDITOR)
Pregnancy Weight Gain, Postpartum Weight Retention, and Obesity Jennifer K. Bello 1 & Victoria Bauer 1 & Beth A. Plunkett 2 & Lindsay Poston 3 & Anthony Solomonides 1 & Loraine Endres 4
Published online: 26 January 2016 # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016
Abstract Obesity is a significant health problem associated with specific risks during pregnancy. Overweight and obese women are at increased risk for gaining weight in excess of pregnancy weight gain guidelines. Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and can negatively impact the health of developing offspring, including increasing the risk of future obesity and diabetes. For all women, pregnancy may serve as an inciting factor that leads to increased body weight 15 to
20 years postpartum. Decreased exercise, increased consumption of unhealthy foods, and smoking cessation are associated with EGWG while increased exercise and breastfeeding are associated with reduced PPWR. A variety of interventions in limited settings have been successful at reducing EGWG and promoting postpartum weight loss. More research is needed on optimal ways to educate women about weight gain recommendations and incorporate interventions into routine care to improve maternal and child outcomes.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Obesity and Diet
Keywords Pregnancy . Obesity . Pregnancy weight gain . Postpartum weight retention . Gestational weight gain . Excessive gestational weight gain
* Jennifer K. Bello [email protected]
Introduction Victoria Bauer [email protected] Beth A. Plunkett [email protected] Lindsay Poston [email protected] Anthony Solomonides [email protected]
1
Ambulatory Primary Care Innovations Group (APCIG), NorthShore University HealthSystem, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
2
Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Walgreen’s Building, Suite 1507, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
3
Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, 924 E 57th St. #104, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
4
Maternal Fetal Medicine of SWFL, NCH Healthcare System, 16261 Bass Rd #100, Ft Myers, FL 33908, USA
Obesity is an important public health problem with numerous, well-documented consequences for an individual’s physical and psychosocial wellbeing. One in three US adults is considered overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) and another one in three is considered obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2), costing the US healthcare system an estimated $147 billion annually [1, 2]. Women are more likely than their male counterparts to fall into the obese category [1]. Across a woman’s lifetime, adult women of reproductive age (25–44 years old) have the most rapid weight gain of any age group [3]. Although numerous metabolic or lifestyle changes in this time period may contribute, for many women, pregnancy is an inciting event leading to obesity [4]. Due to the increasing proportion of women wh
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