Potability and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of the Karasu Stream Water, Sakarya, Turkey
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Potability and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of the Karasu Stream Water, Sakarya, Turkey Rustem Pehlivan* Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Engineering Faculty, Department of Geological Engineering, Avcilar, Istanbul, 34320 Turkey *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 22, 2018; revised July 26, 2019; accepted August 8, 2019
Abstract—The Karasu Stream is located in the province of Sakarya in Turkey. It flows into the Black Sea with an output of 10 m3/s. Chemical compositions of surface and ground waters change following interaction with geological units and chemical weathering at the surrounding rocks. This change may be realized as passing of the ions mobilized from the rocks and soil into the water. Hence, concentrations in natural waters of some ions that may negatively affect human health may increase. Some of heavy-metal concentrations in the Karasu Stream water were slightly higher than the world average values. High ions contents in the Karasu Stream water are related to geological origin. The ions such as Al, Sb, As, Ba, Cr, Se, Pb, Fe and Zn in the Karasu Stream waters increases by chemical weathering of the rocks and water - rock interaction. The amount of aluminum (Al) in the Karasu Stream water (823 μg/L) is higher than the drinking water limit values (200 μg/L) of the World Health Organization, Environmental Protection Agency, European Union and Water Intended for Human Consumption. Hence, the Karasu Stream water might need to be treated. Keywords: Drinking water, human health, hydrogeochemistry, Karasu stream, Turkey DOI: 10.1134/S0016702920090098
INTRODUCTION The Karasu is a district of Sakarya province. The shoreline length of the Karasu district alongside the coast of the Black Sea is about 20 km. The population of the Karasu district is 62866. In the summer season (during the tourism season), this number reaches up to 250000 with the arrival of local and foreign tourists to the region. The economy of the Karasu district is based on agriculture, forestry, fishing, and tourism. Water chemistry, hydrogeochemistry and water quality of the river and stream waters in various regions of the world has been published in the literature (Zhu et al., 2008; Krishna Kumar et al., 2017; Mostafa et al., 2017). Similar studies have been conducted in Turkey on the water basins in limited numbers. The first of these, Pehlivan and Yilmaz (2005) investigated the hydrogeochemistry and water quality of the Buyukmelen River. The other is the research by Baba (2011) on the effect of pollution in ground waters on human health. The last study was conducted by Duzen (2017) and surface waters of the Van Lake basin were determined to be rich in some heavy metals. No research was conducted on similar topics in the Karasu Stream basin, The drainage basin of the Karasu Stream is approximately 520 km2 (Fig. 1). Numerous geological units composed of sedimentary rocks outcrops in the basin. Some of these geological units include Pb–Zn and Fe
ores. The effects on human health and water quality of t
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