Potential neuroprotective biomolecules in ophthalmology
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REVIEW
Potential neuroprotective biomolecules in ophthalmology Mehrdad Afarid
. Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
Received: 20 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Purposes Retinal neurodegenerative diseases are responsible for a huge number of ocular problems worldwide. It seems that the progression of these diseases can be managed by the application of neuroprotective molecules particularly in the early stages. This article focuses on the most common neuroprotective bioagents under investigation in ophthalmology. Methods We searched the web of science, PubMed and Scopus databases with these keywords: ‘‘glaucoma,’’ ‘‘diabetic retinopathy,’’ ‘‘age-related macular degeneration,’’ ‘‘optic neuropathy and retinal degeneration’’ and/or ‘‘neuroprotection.’’ Results The most commonly utilized neuroprotective drugs for ophthalmology diseases were introduced in this study. It seems that these agents can be divided into three categories according to their mechanism of action: (A) neurotrophins, (B) decreasing effect on intraocular pressure and (C) inhibition of retinal neuron apoptosis. Conclusion A broad range of drugs has been illustrated in the literature for treatment of neuro-
M. Afarid F. Sanie-Jahromi (&) Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Zand Boulevard, Poostchi Street, Shiraz, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. Afarid e-mail: [email protected]
ophthalmic diseases. A good classification of the most applied drugs in this field can help specialists to prescribe the best matched drug considering the stage and progression of disease. However, controlled clinical trials are needed for better evaluation of the effects of these products. Keywords Neuroprotection Retinal degenerations Glaucoma Optic neuropathy Abbreviations AMD Age-related macular degeneration BDNF Brain-derived neuroprotective factor CNTF Ciliary neurotrophic factor CoQ10 Coenzyme Q10 DR Diabetic retinopathy IOP Intraocular pressure MS Multiple sclerosis RGC Retinal ganglion cells
Introduction Blindness is a challenging health problem and has a remarkable socio-economic impact on individuals and the healthcare system [1]. Of the main causes of low vision and blindness, some have a progressive course but seem to be preventable. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD, in the elderly population) and
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diabetic retinopathy (DR), inherited retinal degenerations, and glaucoma are considered to be the chief contributors toward vision loss worldwide [2]. Regarding that retinal neural damage and apoptosis are usually the final stage of pathologic process in all retinal diseases, it seems that neuroprotection could improve the viability of neural cells in the retina and optic nerve and successfully target the progression of neurodegeneration and visual loss [3]. Several neuroprotective biomolecules have been investigated by scientists and can be used in the future as a complementary arm of treatment in the fie
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