Potential use of smartly engineered red mud nanoparticles for removal of arsenate and pathogens from drinking water
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Potential use of smartly engineered red mud nanoparticles for removal of arsenate and pathogens from drinking water Joy Sankar Roy1,5 · Gourav Bhattacharya1,2 · Deepika Chauhan3 · Sujit Deshmukh1 · Ravikant Upadhyay4 · Richa Priyadarshini3 · Susanta Sinha Roy1 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 24 March 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The aluminum industrial waste red mud was successfully utilized as a novel adsorbent for the removal of arsenic (As) ions from water. The arsenate (As (V)) adsorption efficacy of red mud nanoparticles was also investigated. Red mud nanoparticles were prepared by ball milling raw red mud for 10 h, yielding particles’ size of 20 nm on average. The As (V) adsorption on these nanoparticles strongly depended on the size of the nanoparticles. As (V) removal increased from 58 to 83% by reducing the size of red mud particles from 200 to 20 nm. Detail kinetics and transport study confirmed the pseudo-second-order kinetic process which was governed by external mass transport. The Freundlich (and Langmuir) isotherms confirm that the arsenate adsorption capacity changes from 2.28 mg/g (1.84 mg/g) to 2.54 mg/g (1.96 mg/g) for reduction of particles from size 200 nm to 20 nm. Water filter columns made with red mud nanoparticles prepared by ball milling for 10 h showed better filtration performance than the filter packed with raw red mud. Both the hydraulic conductivity and the As (V) removal (8 mm/h and 61% respectively) of influent 1 mg/L As (V) by red mud nanoparticles were greater than the raw red mud (3.2 mm/h and 54%). The modified red mud column filters also exhibited a higher efficiency than the raw red mud filters to remove Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from the water. Overall, this research shows that nanomaterials derived from aluminum processing waste can be a promising material for water filtration. Keywords Red mud nanoparticles · Arsenate adsorption · E. coli removal · S. aureus removal · Water filtration
1 Introduction Arsenic is a widespread toxic pollutant, which has been found in the groundwater of many countries [1–4]. Its presence can be attributed to both natural and anthropogenic sources. Although environmental regulations have limited the production and use of arsenic and its compounds, these are still extensively used in metallurgy, agriculture,
forestry, electronics, pharmaceuticals, glass, and ceramic industry. Arsenic in natural water exists only in the form of arsenate or As (V) and arsenite or As (III) [4]. The consumption of arsenic-contaminated water causes several toxic and carcinogenic effects on human beings. It has been reported that the long-term uptake of arsenic-contaminated drinking water results in the gastrointestinal, skin, liver and nerve tissue damages [5, 6]. The toxicity of arsenic
Joy Sankar Roy and Gourav Bhattacharya have contributed equally to this work. * Susanta Sinha Roy, [email protected] | 1Department of Physics, Shiv Nadar University, NH‑91, Tehsil Dadri, G. B. Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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