Experimental Investigation of Creep Behavior of Bayer Red Mud in Guizhou Aluminum Factory's Red Mud Disposal Field
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Experimental Investigation of Creep Behavior of Bayer Red Mud in Guizhou Aluminum Factory’s Red Mud Disposal Field Baoyun Zhao
. Wei Huang . Mengmeng Han . Yanbo Feng
Received: 31 December 2016 / Accepted: 9 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Long-term stability and safety of red mud disposal field is very important for the local residents’ life, which necessitates the knowledge of its creep behavior. Through the improved triaxial creep apparatus, a series of triaxial drained creep tests were conducted. The results indicate that the creep behavior of BRM is significant with confining and deviatoric stresses being critical factors. The soil creep occurs in two stages of transient creep and the steady creep, and a larger deviator stress will lead to a larger creep strain. The main failure mechanism of BRM is plastic shear, accompanied by a significant compression and ductile dilatancy. The Burgers model and the Singh–Mitchell B. Zhao (&) W. Huang School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] W. Huang e-mail: [email protected] B. Zhao Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108-6050, USA M. Han Chongqing Test Center of Geology and Minerals, Chongqing 400042, People’s Republic of China Y. Feng Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, People’s Republic of China
model are used to describe the creep behavior of BRM, and four parameters of these two models are estimated by the nonlinear regression. The deformations predicted by this model are in reasonable agreement with experimental data. Keywords Red mud Bayer process Creep behavior Creep model
1 Introduction Bayer red mud (BRM), also called as bauxite residue, is a hazardous solid waste generated during the Bayer alumina extraction from bauxite ore (Pan et al. 2015; Huang et al. 2016), it is mainly composed of fine particles containing silica, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, iron oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, titanium oxides, and hydroxides (Kumar et al. 2006; Zhu et al. 2016). This solid waste causes a lot of environmental pollution problems because of the alkaline nature and the chemical mineralogical species presenting in BRM (Akinci and Artir 2008), which brings a huge challenge to the places where the alumina industries are located (Qian et al. 2015). In the past few years, wet process was used to stockpile Bayer red mud in Guizhou Aluminum Factory red mud disposal field, which led to much unconsolidated BRM in the disposal field and already formed a
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Geotech Geol Eng
sloping surface behind the retaining wall. At present, the stockpiling method has been upgraded to dry process, more and more dried BRM was stockpiled on the unconsolidated ones directly, much exceed original design storage capacity. Therefore, to m
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