Power Aware Simulation Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks and Nodes
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Research Article Power Aware Simulation Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks and Nodes Johann Glaser, Daniel Weber, Sajjad A. Madani, and Stefan Mahlknecht Institute of Computer Technology, Technical University of Vienna, 1040 Wien, Austria Correspondence should be addressed to Johann Glaser, [email protected] Received 1 October 2007; Revised 21 February 2008; Accepted 16 May 2008 Recommended by Sandeep Shukla The constrained resources of sensor nodes limit analytical techniques and cost-time factors limit test beds to study wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Consequently, simulation becomes an essential tool to evaluate such systems.We present the power aware wireless sensors (PAWiS) simulation framework that supports design and simulation of wireless sensor networks and nodes. The framework emphasizes power consumption capturing and hence the identification of inefficiencies in various hardware and software modules of the systems. These modules include all layers of the communication system, the targeted class of application itself, the power supply and energy management, the central processing unit (CPU), and the sensor-actuator interface. The modular design makes it possible to simulate heterogeneous systems. PAWiS is an OMNeT++ based discrete event simulator written in C++. It captures the node internals (modules) as well as the node surroundings (network, environment) and provides specific features critical to WSNs like capturing power consumption at various levels of granularity, support for mobility, and environmental dynamics as well as the simulation of timing effects. A module library with standardized interfaces and a power analysis tool have been developed to support the design and analysis of simulation models. The performance of the PAWiS simulator is comparable with other simulation environments. Copyright © 2008 Johann Glaser et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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INTRODUCTION
The advances in distributed computing and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) have fueled the development of smart environments powered by wireless sensor networks (WSNs). WSNs face challenges like limited energy, memory, and processing power and require detailed study before deploying them in the real world. Analytical techniques, simulations, and test beds can be used to study WSNs. Though analytical modeling provides a quick insight to study WSNs, it fails to give realistic results because of WSN-specific constraints like limited energy and the sheer number of sensor nodes. Real world implementations and test beds are the most accurate method to verify the concepts but are restricted by costs, effort, and time factors. Simulations provide a good approximation to verify different schemes and applications developed for WSNs at low cost and in less time. The available simulation frameworks are either general purpose or WSN specific. Th
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