Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Filtering Planning in Electrical Distribution Network
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Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Filtering Planning in Electrical Distribution Network Helton do Nascimento Alves1
Received: 17 November 2015 / Revised: 10 February 2016 / Accepted: 8 April 2016 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2016
Abstract This paper presents a multi-objective algorithm for power factor correction and harmonic filtering planning in distribution networks considering capacitor banks, singletuned passive filters and high-pass passive filters allocation. A strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm II is used. Investments costs, power and energy losses costs and harmonic mitigation are considered in the solution. A 282-bus test system is presented, and the results are compared to the solution given by a nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II approach. The results confirm the efficiency of the proposed method which makes it promising to solve complex problems of planning in distribution feeders. Keywords Capacitor banks · Distribution networks · Harmonic filtering planning · High-pass filter · Passive filter · Power factor correction · Single-tuned filter
1 Introduction Nowadays, it is very common to meet nonlinear loads in consumers supplied by electric distribution networks. They generate current harmonics which are injected into the network, with the consequent pollution and distortion of the waveforms on other connected loads. Harmonics may disrupt normal operation of other devices and increase operating costs. Symptoms of problematic harmonic levels include overheating of transformers, motors and cables, thermal tripping of protective devices, logic faults of digital devices and drives. Harmonic filters are widely installed in dis-
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Helton do Nascimento Alves [email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering, Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), São Luís, MA 65030-000, Brazil
tribution systems for harmonic current filtering to achieve harmonic distortion reduction. Besides that, reactive compensation in distribution networks is another typical problem of great technical and economic importance which has been faced over five decades. Low power factor increases the power and energy loss, voltage deregulation, and it reduces the system capacity. The application of capacitors in electric distribution networks is intended for the power factor correction. The simultaneous allocation of harmonic filters and capacitors must be carefully evaluated because series or parallel resonances caused by the distribution line inductances and the capacitors can amplify the current harmonics (Nasiri et al. 2010). The resonance amplification may destroy the capacitor and neighboring power equipment (IEEE Guide for the Protection of Shunt Capacitor Banks 2013). Hence, the consideration in designing the capacitor banks is not only the power factor compensation but also the overrating caused by harmonic pollution (Baloi et al. 2012). The selection of the number, type, size and location of the capacitors and harmonic filters depends on factors such as harmonic distortion, voltage regulation, power
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