Practical Measurement of Size Distribution of Blasted Rocks Using LiDAR Scan Data
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Practical Measurement of Size Distribution of Blasted Rocks Using LiDAR Scan Data Irfan C. Engin1 · Norbert H. Maerz2 · Kenneth J. Boyko2 · Robert Reals2,3 Received: 29 April 2019 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Majority of the world’s mine production is made by surface mining facilities for various reasons. Use of explosives is the most economical way in loosening of the main rock where hard rock formations exist. The degree of fragmentation affects the subsequent excavation and loading operations as well as indicates the success of the blasting process. Although the most preferred method for the measurement of fragment size of blasted rock is digital image analysis, the method also includes some limitations and errors. In this study, size distribution of the blasted rock was measured directly using laser scanningLiDAR technology and a new algorithm. The laser measurement method comes to the forefront with fast and reliable results compared with traditional measurement methods. The acquisition of the point cloud data by means of a terrestrial laser scanner from the blasted rock pile, generation of the three-dimensional model of the pile in the computer environment, surface reconstruction. and identification of the fragments forming the pile with an algorithm developed, and the determination of the size distributions of the fragments constitute the steps of the study. It has been concluded that this approach can be used effectively to determine the size distribution of fragmented rock piles in order to evaluate the blasting results. Keywords Rock blasting · Fragmentation · Size distribution · LiDAR · Laser scanning · New algorithm
1 Introduction Drilling and blasting technology for civilian purposes has widely been used especially in the mining industry, and also in construction industry, oil exploration and production activities, agriculture and forestry, and other industrial areas. Drilling and blasting costs in an open pit mining operation can reach up to 40% of the total production costs. Experimental and scientific studies show that this ratio can be drawn to 10–20% with efficient blasting applications (Özdemir 2009) in some cases. To result in an efficient blasting, rock type, explosives, and design variables should be selected in accordance with * Irfan C. Engin [email protected] 1
Department of Mining Engineering, Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Engineering, ANS Campus, 03200 Afyon, Turkey
2
Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1006 Kingshighway, Rolla, MO 65401, USA
3
Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District, 2350 Market Street, St. Louis, MO 63103‑2555, USA
each other. In an efficient blasting, it is expected that there should be enough fragmentation not to cause secondary blasting or hammer stop, a fragment pile which is minimizing the time and cost of the excavation—loading operations, a safe bench face having no overbreaking or unbroken rock, a low ground vibration, and no air blast to prev
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