Pragmatic Logic
When asked in 1962 on what he was working Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz replied: Several years ago Polish Scientific Publishers suggested that I pre pare a new edition of The Logical Foundations of Teaching, which I wrote 1 before 1939 as a contribution to The E
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SYNTHESE LIBRARY MONOGRAPHS ON EPISTEMOLOGY, LOGIC, METHODOLOGY, PHILOSOPHY OF SCIBNCE, SOCIOLOGY OF SCIENCE AND OF KNOWLEDGE, AND ON THE MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF SOCIAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Editors: DONALD DA VIDSON, The JAAKKO HINTIKKA,
Rockefeller University and Princeton University
Academy of Finland and Stanford University
GABRIEL NUCHELMANS, WESLEY
University of Leyden
C. SALMON, University of Arizona
VOLUME 62
KAZIMIERZ AJDUKIEWICZ
PRAGMATIC LOGIC Translated from the Polish by
OLGIERD WOJTASIEWICZ
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND IBOSTON - U.S.A.
PWN - POLISH SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS WARSAW-POLAND
Translated from the original Polish
Logika Pragmatyczna, Warszawa 1965
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-95887 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-2111-1 eISBN-13: 978-94-010-2109-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-2109-8
Distributors for the U.S.A., Canada and Mexico D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 306 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Mass. 02116, U.S.A.
Distributors for Albania, Bulgaria, Chinese People's Republic, Czechoslovakia, Cuba, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Korean People's Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Poland, Rumania, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the U.S.S.R. and Yugoslavia ARS POLONA - RUCH Krakowskie PrzedrnieScie, 7, 00-068 Warszawa 1, Poland
Distributors for all remaining countries D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland
Copyright by PWN - Polish Scientific Publishers - Warszawa 1974 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1974 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher
FOREWORD
When asked in 1962 on what he was working Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz replied: Several years ago Polish Scientific Publishers suggested that I prepare a new edition of The Logical Foundations of Teaching, which I wrote before 1939 as a contribution to The Encyclopaedia of Education. 1 It was a small booklet covering elementary information about logical semantics and scientific methodology, information which in my opinion was necessary as a foundation of teaching and as an element of the education of any teacher. When I recently set to preparing the new edition, I rewrote practically everything, and a booklet of some 100 pages swelled into a bulky volume almost five times bigger. The issues have remained practically the same, but they are now analysed much more thoroughly and the threshold of difficulty is much higher now. The main stress has been laid on the methods used in the empirical sciences, and within that field, on the theory of measurement and the methods of statistical inference. I am now working on the last chapter of the book, concerned with explanation procedures and theory construction in the empirical sciences. When that book, which I intend to entitle Pragmatic Logic, is completed I intend to prepare for the press Vol. 2 of my minor writings, Language and Cognition, 2 which will cover some of my post-war papers. I will also co-operate in preparing a simi
